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The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is an implicit solvent continuum model for calculating the electrostatic potential and energies of ionic solvated biomolecules. However, its numerical solution remains a significant challenge due strong…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Cleophas Kweyu , Venera Khoromskaia , Boris Khoromskij , Matthias Stein , Peter Benner

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is a fundamental implicit solvent continuum model for calculating the electrostatic potential of large ionic solvated biomolecules. However, its numerical solution encounters severe challenges arising…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Cleophas Kweyu , Lihong Feng , Matthias Stein , Peter Benner

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) is a nonlinear elliptic PDE that arises in biomolecular modeling and is a fundamental tool for structural biology. It is used to calculate electrostatic potentials around an ensemble of fixed charges…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-12 Cleophas Kweyu , Lihong Feng , Matthias Stein , Peter Benner

Recently the rank-structured tensor approach suggested a progress in the numerical treatment of the long-range electrostatic potentials in many-particle systems and the respective interaction energy and forces [39,40,2]. In this paper, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Venera Khoromskaia , Boris N. Khoromskij

The electrostatic potential in the neighborhood of a biomolecule can be computed thanks to the non-linear divergence-form elliptic Poisson-Boltzmann PDE. Dedicated Monte-Carlo methods have been developed to solve its linearized version (see…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-11-15 Mireille Bossy , Nicolas Champagnat , Helene Leman , Sylvain Maire , Laurent Violeau , Mariette Yvinec

Physics-informed neural networks (PINN) is a machine learning (ML)-based method to solve partial differential equations that has gained great popularity due to the fast development of ML libraries in the last few years. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Martin A. Achondo , Jehanzeb H. Chaudhry , Christopher D. Cooper

We develop an efficient and reliable adaptive finite element method (AFEM) for the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE). We first examine the regularization technique of Chen, Holst, and Xu; this technique made possible the first a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2010-10-01 Michael Holst , James Andrew McCammon , Zeyun Yu , Yongcheng Zhou , Yunrong Zhu

In computational biochemistry and biophysics, understanding the role of electrostatic interactions is crucial for elucidating the structure, dynamics, and function of biomolecules. The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation is a foundational tool…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-08 Yongxian Wu , Qiang Zhu , Ray Luo

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is widely used to model molecular electrostatics; however, it is usually solved in linearised form because the sinh nonlinearity is challenging, limiting its applicability in highly charged systems such as…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Mauricio Guerrero-Montero , Michal Bosy , Christopher D. Cooper

We introduce and analyze the new range-separated (RS) canonical/Tucker tensor format which aims for numerical modeling of the 3D long-range interaction potentials in multi-particle systems. The main idea of the RS tensor format is the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-10-11 Peter Benner , Venera Khoromskaia , Boris N. Khoromskij

The nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation (NPBE) is an elliptic partial differential equation used in applications such as protein interactions and biophysical chemistry (among many others). It describes the nonlinear electrostatic potential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Trevor Norton , Jie Xu , Brian Choi , Mark Kon , Julio Enrique Castrillón-Candás

Semi-linear elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) such as the non-linear Poisson Boltzmann Equation (nPBE) is highly relevant for non-linear electrostatics in computational biology and chemistry. It is of particular importance for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Brian Choi , Jie Xu , Trevor Norton , Mark Kon , Julio Enrique Castrillon-Candas

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation (PBE) models the electrostatic interactions of charged bodies such as molecules and proteins in an electrolyte solvent. The PBE is a challenging equation to solve numerically due to the presence of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-07-17 Jehanzeb H. Chaudhry

In preparation to the exascale era, an alternative approach to calculate the electrostatic forces in Particle Mesh (PM) methods is proposed. While the traditional techniques are based on the calculation of the electrostatic potential by…

Computational Physics · Physics 2012-05-29 Stefano Markidis , Giovanni Lapenta , Rossen Apostolov , Erwin Laure

We apply the Tensor Train (TT) decomposition to construct the tensor product Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) of a random field, to solve the stochastic elliptic diffusion PDE with the stochastic Galerkin discretization, and to compute some…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-03-12 Sergey Dolgov , Boris N. Khoromskij , Alexander Litvinenko , Hermann G. Matthies

This work proposes a fast iterative method for local steric Poisson--Boltzmann (PB) theories, in which the electrostatic potential is governed by the Poisson's equation and ionic concentrations satisfy equilibrium conditions. To present the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-05 Minhong Chen , Wei Dou , Shenggao Zhou

We propose and justify a new approach for fast calculation of the electrostatic interaction energy of clusters of charged particles in constrained energy minimization in the framework of rigid protein-ligand docking. Our ``blind search''…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Peter Benner , Boris N. Khoromskij , Venera Khoromskaia , Matthias Stein

We prove the existence and uniqueness of the complexified Nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann Equation (nPBE) in a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^3$. The nPBE is a model equation in nonlinear electrostatics. The standard convex optimization argument…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-06-11 Brian Choi , Jie Xu , Trevor Norton , Mark Kon , Julio E. Castrillon-Candas

Efficient and stable solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) is central to scientific and engineering applications, yet existing numerical solvers rely heavily on matrix based discretizations, while learning based methods require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Yi Bing , Zheng Ran , Fu Jinyang , Liu Long , Peng Xiang

In this paper, we present a parallel higher-order boundary integral method to solve the linear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation. In our method, a well-posed boundary integral formulation is used to ensure the fast convergence of Krylov…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-06-12 Weihua Geng
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