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In deep reinforcement learning (RL), adversarial attacks can trick an agent into unwanted states and disrupt training. We propose a system called Robust Student-DQN (RS-DQN), which permits online robustness training alongside Q networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Marc Fischer , Matthew Mirman , Steven Stalder , Martin Vechev

A variety of machine learning models have been proposed to assess the performance of players in professional sports. However, they have only a limited ability to model how player performance depends on the game context. This paper proposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Guiliang Liu , Oliver Schulte

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as a powerful model-free paradigm for learning optimal policies. However, in navigation tasks with cluttered environments, DRL methods often suffer from insufficient exploration, especially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Licheng Luo , Mingyu Cai

Bias problems in the estimation of $Q$-values are a well-known obstacle that slows down convergence of $Q$-learning and actor-critic methods. One of the reasons of the success of modern RL algorithms is partially a direct or indirect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Leif Döring , Benedikt Wille , Maximilian Birr , Mihail Bîrsan , Martin Slowik

Optimal resource allocation is a fundamental challenge for dense and heterogeneous wireless networks with massive wireless connections. Because of the non-convex nature of the optimization problem, it is computationally demanding to obtain…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Kazi Ishfaq Ahmed , Ekram Hossain

We introduce the first end-to-end Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based framework for active high frequency trading in the stock market. We train DRL agents to trade one unit of Intel Corporation stock by employing the Proximal Policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Antonio Briola , Jeremy Turiel , Riccardo Marcaccioli , Alvaro Cauderan , Tomaso Aste

We introduce a new virtual environment for simulating a card game known as "Big 2". This is a four-player game of imperfect information with a relatively complicated action space (being allowed to play 1,2,3,4 or 5 card combinations from an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Henry Charlesworth

Aligning generative diffusion models with human preferences via reinforcement learning (RL) is critical yet challenging. Most existing algorithms are often vulnerable to reward hacking, such as quality degradation, over-stylization, or…

This paper introduces a novel architecture for reinforcement learning with deep neural networks designed to handle state and action spaces characterized by natural language, as found in text-based games. Termed a deep reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Ji He , Jianshu Chen , Xiaodong He , Jianfeng Gao , Lihong Li , Li Deng , Mari Ostendorf

Many real-world problems can be reduced to combinatorial optimization on a graph, where the subset or ordering of vertices that maximize some objective function must be found. With such tasks often NP-hard and analytically intractable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Thomas D. Barrett , William R. Clements , Jakob N. Foerster , A. I. Lvovsky

Adversarial attacks against conventional Deep Learning (DL) systems and algorithms have been widely studied, and various defenses were proposed. However, the possibility and feasibility of such attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jianwen Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yan Zheng , Kangjie Chen , Yang Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) requires large samples and a long training time to operate optimally. Yet humans rarely require long periods training to perform well on novel tasks, such as computer games, once they are provided with an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Tauseef Gulrez , Warren Mansell

This work optimizes the highway decision making strategy of autonomous vehicles by using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). First, the highway driving environment is built, wherein the ego vehicle, surrounding vehicles, and road lanes are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Teng Liu , Xingyu Mu , Xiaolin Tang , Bing Huang , Hong Wang , Dongpu Cao

Recent research has shown that although Reinforcement Learning (RL) can benefit from expert demonstration, it usually takes considerable efforts to obtain enough demonstration. The efforts prevent training decent RL agents with expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Si-An Chen , Voot Tangkaratt , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Masashi Sugiyama

In this paper we propose a new approach to complement reinforcement learning (RL) with model-based control (in particular, Model Predictive Control - MPC). We introduce an algorithm, the MPC augmented RL (MPRL) that combines RL and MPC in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Meghana Rathi , Pietro Ferraro , Giovanni Russo

We develop Upside-Down Reinforcement Learning (UDRL), a method for learning to act using only supervised learning techniques. Unlike traditional algorithms, UDRL does not use reward prediction or search for an optimal policy. Instead, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Rupesh Kumar Srivastava , Pranav Shyam , Filipe Mutz , Wojciech Jaśkowski , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Deep neural networks (DNN) can approximate value functions or policies for reinforcement learning, which makes the reinforcement learning algorithms more powerful. However, some DNNs, such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yizhan Niu , Jinglong Liu , Yuhao Shi , Jiren Zhu

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms are known to be data inefficient. One reason is that a DRL agent learns both the feature and the policy tabula rasa. Integrating prior knowledge into DRL algorithms is one way to improve learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Gabriel V. de la Cruz , Yunshu Du , Matthew E. Taylor

Humans learn by interacting with their environments and perceiving the outcomes of their actions. A landmark in artificial intelligence has been the development of deep reinforcement learning (dRL) algorithms capable of doing the same in…

Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in adopting deep neural networks to enhance the performance of conventional reinforcement learning. A notable milestone was the development of Deep Q-Networks (DQN), which achieved…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Klinsmann Agyei , Pouria Sarhadi , Daniel Polani