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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract structured information from free-text clinical records, but prior work often focuses on single tasks, limited models, and English-language reports. We evaluated 15 open-weight…

Background: The inception of next generations sequencing technologies have exponentially increased the volume of biological sequence data. Protein sequences, being quoted as the `language of life', has been analyzed for a multitude of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-08 Nabil Ibtehaz , S. M. Shakhawat Hossain Sourav , Md. Shamsuzzoha Bayzid , M. Sohel Rahman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the mental health domain, yet it remains unclear how well they capture related biomedical knowledge and how reliably they apply it to clinically salient structured judgments. Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Weixin Liu , Congning Ni , Shelagh A. Mulvaney , Susannah L. Rose , Murat Kantarcioglu , Bradley A. Malin , Zhijun Yin

Crops hold paramount significance as they serve as the primary provider of energy, nutrition, and medicinal benefits for the human population. Plant diseases, however, can negatively affect leaves during agricultural cultivation, resulting…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Shashwat Jha , Vishvaditya Luhach , Gauri Shanker Gupta , Beependra Singh

Despite the superior diagnostic capability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), its use as a Point-of-Care (PoC) device remains limited by high cost and complexity. To enable such a future by reducing the magnetic field strength, one key…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-16 Yuning Du , Jingshuai Liu , Rohan Dharmakumar , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Machine Learning applications have brought new insights into a secondary analysis of medical data. Machine Learning helps to develop new drugs, define populations susceptible to certain illnesses, identify predictors of many common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 YuanZheng Hu , Marina Sokolova

Text Classification is the process of categorizing text into the relevant categories and its algorithms are at the core of many Natural Language Processing (NLP). Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) and NLP are the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Mamata Das , Selvakumar K. , P. J. A. Alphonse

Promptable segmentation foundation models have emerged as a transformative approach to addressing the diverse needs in medical images, but most existing models require expensive computing, posing a big barrier to their adoption in clinical…

Medical image analysis typically includes several tasks such as enhancement, segmentation, and classification. Traditionally, these tasks are implemented using separate deep learning models for separate tasks, which is not efficient because…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Ghada Zamzmi , Sivaramakrishnan Rajaraman , Sameer Antani

Clinical trials require strict adherence to medication protocols, yet dosing errors remain a persistent challenge affecting patient safety and trial integrity. We present an automated system for detecting dosing errors in unstructured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Mohammad AL-Smadi

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs). However, adapting these pretrained PFMs for specific clinical tasks presents considerable challenges, primarily due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Neeraj Kumar , Swaraj Nanda , Siddharth Singi , Jamal Benhamida , David Kim , Jie-Fu Chen , Amir Momeni-Boroujeni , Gregory M. Goldgof , Gabriele Campanella , Chad Vanderbilt

Crucial information about the practice of healthcare is recorded only in free-form text, which creates an enormous opportunity for high-impact NLP. However, annotated healthcare datasets tend to be small and expensive to obtain, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Yifeng Tao , Bruno Godefroy , Guillaume Genthial , Christopher Potts

Objective This study introduces the Alzheimer's Disease Common Data Element Ontology for Clinical Trials (AD-CDO), a lightweight, semantically enriched ontology designed to represent and standardize key eligibility criteria concepts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zenan Sun , Rashmie Abeysinghe , Xiaojin Li , Xinyue Hu , Licong Cui , Guo-Qiang Zhang , Jiang Bian , Cui Tao

Salient Object Detection (SOD) with deep learning often requires substantial computational resources and large annotated datasets, making it impractical for resource-constrained applications. Lightweight models address computational demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Leonardo M. Joao , Jancarlo F. Gomes , Silvio J. F. Guimaraes , Ewa Kijak , Alexandre X. Falcao

Neurodegenerative diseases are frequently associated with structural changes in the brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans can show these variations and therefore be used as a supportive feature for a number of neurodegenerative…

Efforts to utilize growing volumes of clinical imaging data to generate tumor evaluations continue to require significant manual data wrangling owing to the data heterogeneity. Here, we propose an artificial intelligence-based solution for…

Today, we are seeing an ever-increasing number of clinical notes that contain clinical results, images, and textual descriptions of patient's health state. All these data can be analyzed and employed to cater novel services that can help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Danilo Dessi , Rim Helaoui , Vivek Kumar , Diego Reforgiato Recupero , Daniele Riboni

Foundation models have become a promising paradigm for advancing medical image analysis, particularly for segmentation tasks where downstream applications often emerge sequentially. Existing fine-tuning strategies, however, remain limited:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Yiwen Ye , Yicheng Wu , Xiangde Luo , He Zhang , Ziyang Chen , Ting Dang , Yanning Zhang , Yong Xia

Identification of plant disease is usually done through visual inspection or during laboratory examination which causes delays resulting in yield loss by the time identification is complete. On the other hand, complex deep learning models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Nisar Ahmed , Hafiz Muhammad Shahzad Asif , Gulshan Saleem

We introduce the sequence classification problem CIViC Evidence to the field of medical NLP. CIViC Evidence denotes the multi-label classification problem of assigning labels of clinical evidence to abstracts of scientific papers which have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Markus Hisch , Xing David Wang
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