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Journal Impact Factors (IFs) can be considered historically as the first attempt to normalize citation distributions by using averages over two years. However, it has been recognized that citation distributions vary among fields of science…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2012-02-07 Loet Leydesdorff

If we want to assess whether the paper in question has had a particularly high or low citation impact compared to other papers, the standard practice in bibliometrics is to normalize citations in respect of the subject category and…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2013-07-30 Lutz Bornmann , Werner Marx , Andreas Barth

Bibliometric studies often rely on field-normalized citation impact indicators in order to make comparisons between scientific fields. We discuss the connection between field normalization and the choice of a counting method for handling…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Ludo Waltman , Nees Jan van Eck

A framework is proposed for comparing different types of bibliometric indicators, introducing the notion of an Indicator Comparison Report. It provides a comprehensive overview of the main differences and similarities of indicators. The…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2015-10-20 Henk F. Moed

Usage of field-normalized citation scores is a bibliometric standard. Different methods for field-normalization are in use, but also the choice of field-classification system determines the resulting field-normalized citation scores. Using…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Robin Haunschild , Angela D. Daniels , Lutz Bornmann

Field-normalization of citations is bibliometric standard. Despite the observed differences in citation counts between fields, the question remains how strong fields influence citation rates beyond the effect of attributes or factors…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Lutz Bornmann , Robin Haunschild , Ruediger Mutz

Bibliometrics plays an increasingly important role in research evaluation. However, no gold standard exists for a set of reliable and valid (field-normalized) impact indicators in research evaluation. This opinion paper recommends that…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Lutz Bornmann , Werner Marx

The journal impact factor is not comparable among fields of science and social science because of systematic differences in publication and citation behaviour across disciplines. In this work, a source normalization of the journal impact…

Using the CD-ROM version of the Science Citation Index 2010 (N = 3,705 journals), we study the (combined) effects of (i) fractional counting on the impact factor (IF) and (ii) transformation of the skewed citation distributions into a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2012-06-19 Loet Leydesdorff , Ping Zhou , Lutz Bornmann

Over the past decade, national research evaluation exercises, traditionally conducted using the peer review method, have begun opening to bibliometric indicators. The citations received by a publication are assumed as proxy for its quality,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Giovanni Abramo , Tindaro Cicero , Ciriaco Andrea D'Angelo

The launching of Scopus and Google Scholar, and methodological developments in Social Network Analysis have made many more indicators for evaluating journals available than the traditional Impact Factor, Cited Half-life, and Immediacy Index…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-09-25 Loet Leydesdorff

Many different measures are used to assess academic research excellence and these are subject to ongoing discussion and debate within the scientometric, university-management and policy-making communities internationally. One topic of…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2014-09-23 O. Mryglod , R. Kenna , Yu. Holovatch , B. Berche

How to quantify the impact of a researcher's or an institution's body of work is a matter of increasing importance to scientists, funding agencies, and hiring committees. The use of bibliometric indicators, such as the h-index or the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-17 João A. G. Moreira , Xiao Han T. Zeng , Luís A. Nunes Amaral

Evaluation of journals for quality is one of the dominant themes of bibliometrics since journals are the primary venue of vetting and distribution of scholarship. There are many criticisms of quantifying journal impact with bibliometrics…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Domenic Rosati

We submit newly developed citation impact indicators based not on arithmetic averages of citations but on percentile ranks. Citation distributions are-as a rule-highly skewed and should not be arithmetically averaged. With percentile ranks,…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2011-06-21 Loet Leydesdorff , Lutz Bornmann , Rüdiger Mutz , Tobias Opthof

The Impact Factor (IF), despite its widespread use, suffers from well-known biases that remain incompletely addressed in practice -- most notably its sensitivity to journal size and its lack of field normalization. Because of size…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Manolis Antonoyiannakis

Recently, Wu, Wang, and Evans (2019) and Bu, Waltman, and Huang (2019) proposed a new family of indicators, which measure whether a scientific publication is disruptive to a field or tradition of research. Such disruptive influences are…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Lutz Bornmann , Sitaram Devarakonda , Alexander Tekles , George Chacko

The SNIP (source normalized impact per paper) indicator is an indicator of the citation impact of scientific journals. The indicator, introduced by Henk Moed in 2010, is included in Elsevier's Scopus database. The SNIP indicator uses a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2012-09-06 Ludo Waltman , Nees Jan van Eck , Thed N. van Leeuwen , Martijn S. Visser

The citation potential is a measure of the probability of being cited. Obviously, it is different among fields of science, social science, and humanities because of systematic differences in publication and citation behaviour across…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-11-25 Pablo Dorta-Gonzalez , Maria Isabel Dorta-Gonzalez , Rafael Suarez-Vega

It is shown that under certain circumstances in particular for small datasets the recently proposed citation impact indicators I3(6PR) and R(6,k) behave inconsistently when additional papers or citations are taken into consideration. Three…

Applications · Statistics 2013-01-31 Michael Schreiber