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Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements offer an important tool for analyzing diffusion and binding processes. Confocal scanning laser microscopes that are used in FRAP experiments bleach regions with a radially…
F1-ATPase is the soluble portion of the membrane-embedded enzyme FoF1-ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of adenosine triphosphate in eukaryotic and eubacterial cells. In reverse, the F1 part can also hydrolyze ATP quickly at three…
Conformational changes of single proteins are monitored in real time by Forster-type resonance energy transfer, FRET. Two different fluorophores have to be attached to those protein domains, which move during function. The distance between…
The transport and localization of RNA molecules, crucial for cellular function and development, involve a combination of diffusion and active transport mechanisms. Here, we are motivated by understanding the dynamics of RNA in Xenopus…
FoF1-ATP synthase is the essential membrane enzyme maintaining the cellular level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and comprises two rotary motors. We measure subunit rotation in FoF1-ATP synthase by intramolecular Foerster resonance energy…
Temporally and spatially resolved measurements of protein transport inside cells provide important clues to the functional architecture and dynamics of biological systems. Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technique has been…
FoF1-ATP synthase is the membrane protein catalyzing the synthesis of the 'biological energy currency' adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The enzyme uses internal subunit rotation for the mechanochemical conversion of a proton motive force to…
The spatio-temporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can affect numerous biological functions, including cell signaling, communication, and transportation. Deviations from normal spatial arrangements have been observed in…
We present and analyze video-microscopy-based single-particle-tracking measurements of the budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) membrane protein, Pma1, fluorescently-labeled either by direct fusion to the switchable fluorescent protein,…
Observation times of freely diffusing single molecules in solution are limited by the photophysics of the attached fluorescence markers and by a small observation volume in the femtolitre range that is required for a sufficient…
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the universal chemical energy currency for cellular activities provided mainly by the membrane enzyme FoF1-ATP synthase in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria. Synthesis of ATP is accompanied by subunit…
To monitor conformational changes of individual membrane transporters in liposomes in real time, we attach two fluorophores to selected domains of a protein. Sequential distance changes between the dyes are recorded and analyzed by Forster…
We present a palette of brightly fluorescent genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) with excitation and emission peaks spanning the visible spectrum, sensitivities from 6 - 10% Delta F/F per 100 mV, and half-maximal response times…
Sensors are the first element of the pathways that control the response of cells to their environment. After chemical, the next most important cue is mechanical, and protein complexes that produce or enable a chemical signal in response to…
We demonstrate sequential two-photon fluorescence microscopy using forbidden state transitions. Nonlinear red excitation leads to green fluorescence in live cells expressing eYFP, maintaining optical sectioning and allowing deep tissue…
Conformational changes of individual fluorescently labeled proteins can be followed in solution using a confocal microscope. Two fluorophores attached to selected domains of the protein report fluctuating conformations. Based on F\"orster…
FoF1-ATP synthases are membrane-embedded protein machines that catalyze the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. Using photoactivation-based localization microscopy (PALM) in TIR-illumination as well as structured illumination microscopy…
The femto-access-point (FAP), a low power small cellular base station provides better signal quality for the indoor users as to provide high data-rate communications with improved coverage, access network capacity and quality of service.…
Although continuous advances in theoretical modelling of Molecular Communications (MC) are observed, there is still an insuperable gap between theory and experimental testbeds, especially at the microscale. In this paper, the development of…
This paper describes a micro fluorescence in situ hybridization ({\mu}FISH)-based rapid detection of cytogenetic biomarkers on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. We demonstrated this method in the context of detecting…