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The ability to perform effective off-policy learning would revolutionize the process of building better interactive systems, such as search engines and recommendation systems for e-commerce, computational advertising and news. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Damien Lefortier , Adith Swaminathan , Xiaotao Gu , Thorsten Joachims , Maarten de Rijke

Off-policy learning is a framework for optimizing policies without deploying them, using data collected by another policy. In recommender systems, this is especially challenging due to the imbalance in logged data: some items are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Matej Cief , Branislav Kveton , Michal Kompan

Off-policy learning, referring to the procedure of policy optimization with access only to logged feedback data, has shown importance in various real-world applications, such as search engines, recommender systems, and etc. While the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Xiaoying Zhang , Junpu Chen , Hongning Wang , Hong Xie , Yang Liu , John C. S. Lui , Hang Li

While companies increasingly rely on data, especially when it comes to targeted advertising, adapting content to users, selling data and training machine learning models, the collection of data raises privacy concerns. One way of collecting…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Liv Hilde Sjøflot , Tobias A. Opsahl

This paper proposes a novel approach for constructing effective personalized policies when the observed data lacks counter-factual information, is biased and possesses many features. The approach is applicable in a wide variety of settings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-11 Onur Atan , William R. Zame , Qiaojun Feng , Mihaela van der Schaar

This paper investigates the problem of online prediction learning, where learning proceeds continuously as the agent interacts with an environment. The predictions made by the agent are contingent on a particular way of behaving,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-08 Sina Ghiassian , Andrew Patterson , Martha White , Richard S. Sutton , Adam White

In recent studies of political decision-making, apparently anomalous behavior has been observed on the part of voters, in which negative information about a candidate strengthens, rather than weakens, a prior positive opinion about the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-12 William W. Cohen , David P. Redlawsk , Douglas Pierce

Compact user representations (such as embeddings) form the backbone of personalization services. In this work, we present a new theoretical framework to measure re-identification risk in such user representations. Our framework, based on…

Web tracking through third-party cookies is considered a threat to users' privacy and is supposed to be abandoned in the near future. Recently, Google proposed the Topics API framework as a privacy-friendly alternative for behavioural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Emilio Leonardi , Marco Mellia

The effect of user bias in fact-checking has not been explored extensively from a user-experience perspective. We estimate the user bias as a function of the user's perceived reputation of the news sources (e.g., a user with liberal beliefs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Anubrata Das , Kunjan Mehta , Matthew Lease

Off-Policy Estimation (OPE) methods allow us to learn and evaluate decision-making policies from logged data. This makes them an attractive choice for the offline evaluation of recommender systems, and several recent works have reported…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Olivier Jeunen , Ben London

On the Internet large service providers tend to control the digital identities of users. These defacto identity authorities wield significant power over users, compelling them to comply with non-negotiable terms, before access to services…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2010-11-02 Mark McLaughlin , Gerard Briscoe , Paul Malone

Controversy about the significance of underdetermination of theories persists in the philosophy and conduct of science. The issue has practical import when research is used to inform decision making, because scientific uncertainty yields…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-04-09 Charles F. Manski

Third-party cookies have been a privacy concern since cookies were first developed in the mid 1990s, but more strict cookie policies were only introduced by Internet browser vendors in the early 2010s. More recently, due to regulatory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Mário S. Alvim , Natasha Fernandes , Annabelle McIver , Gabriel H. Nunes

The Topics API for the web is Google's privacy-enhancing alternative to replace third-party cookies. Results of prior work have led to an ongoing discussion between Google and research communities about the capability of Topics to trade off…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Yohan Beugin , Patrick McDaniel

Learning from human feedback has been central to recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. Since the collection of human feedback is costly, a natural question to ask is if the new feedback always needs to collected.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Aniruddha Bhargava , Lalit Jain , Branislav Kveton , Ge Liu , Subhojyoti Mukherjee

Off-Policy Evaluation (OPE) is an important practical problem in algorithmic ranking systems, where the goal is to estimate the expected performance of a new ranking policy using only offline logged data collected under a different, logging…

Additive two-tower models are popular learning-to-rank methods for handling biased user feedback in industry settings. Recent studies, however, report a concerning phenomenon: training two-tower models on clicks collected by well-performing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Philipp Hager , Onno Zoeter , Maarten de Rijke

Many reinforcement learning applications involve the use of data that is sensitive, such as medical records of patients or financial information. However, most current reinforcement learning methods can leak information contained within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Tengyang Xie , Philip S. Thomas , Gerome Miklau

Decision making in crucial applications such as lending, hiring, and college admissions has witnessed increasing use of algorithmic models and techniques as a result of a confluence of factors such as ubiquitous connectivity, ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-08 G Roshan Lal , Sahin Cem Geyik , Krishnaram Kenthapadi
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