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We study the utilitarian distortion of social choice mechanisms under the recently proposed learning-augmented framework where some (possibly unreliable) predicted information about the preferences of the agents is given as input. In…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Aris Filos-Ratsikas , Georgios Kalantzis , Alexandros A. Voudouris

The availability of technological means to enhance and repair human cognitive function raises questions about the perceived morality of their use. In this study, we administered a survey to the public in which subjects were asked to report…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-02-02 John D. Medaglia , David Yaden , Chelsea Helion , Madeline Haslam

Drawing on Ullmann-Margalit's concept of opting (transformative, irrevocable, and shadowed by foreclosed alternatives), we show that current AI systems raise a profound ethical problem that existing AI ethics has not fully captured: the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Eugene Yu Ji

Preference elicitation frameworks feature heavily in the research on participatory ethical AI tools and provide a viable mechanism to enquire and incorporate the moral values of various stakeholders. As part of the elicitation process,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Kyle Boerstler , Vijay Keswani , Lok Chan , Jana Schaich Borg , Vincent Conitzer , Hoda Heidari , Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

Existing observational approaches for learning human preferences, such as inverse reinforcement learning, usually make strong assumptions about the observability of the human's environment. However, in reality, people make many important…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-29 Cassidy Laidlaw , Stuart Russell

Prosociality is fundamental to human social life, and, accordingly, much research has attempted to explain human prosocial behavior. Capraro and Rand (Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 99-111, 2018) recently provided experimental evidence…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-06-18 Ben M. Tappin , Valerio Capraro

Machine Ethics decisions should consider the implications of uncertainty over decisions. Decisions should be made over sequences of actions to reach preferable outcomes long term. The evaluation of outcomes, however, may invoke one or more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Simon Kolker , Louise A. Dennis , Ramon Fraga Pereira , Mengwei Xu

The conflict between pro-self and pro-social behaviour is at the core of many key problems of our time, as, for example, the reduction of air pollution and the redistribution of scarce resources. For the well-being of our societies, it is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-07-15 Valerio Capraro , Glorianna Jagfeld , Rana Klein , Mathijs Mul , Iris van de Pol

We experimentally study how redistribution choices are affected by positive and negative information regarding the behaviour of a previous participant in a dictator game with a taking option. We use the strategy method to identify…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-01 Tanya O'Garra , Valerio Capraro , Praveen Kujal

We study the subtlety of optimal paternalism when a utilitarian planner has the power to design a discrete choice set for a heterogeneous population with bounded rationality. We first consider the planning problem in abstraction. We show…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-23 Charles F. Manski , Eytan Sheshinski

We show that it is possible to understand and identify a decision maker's subjective causal judgements by observing her preferences over interventions. Following Pearl [2000], we represent causality using causal models (also called…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-01-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Evan Piermont

Despite having achieved great success for sentiment analysis, existing neural models struggle with implicit sentiment analysis. This may be due to the fact that they may latch onto spurious correlations ("shortcuts", e.g., focusing only on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Siyin Wang , Jie Zhou , Changzhi Sun , Junjie Ye , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

The social and implicit nature of human communication ramifies readers' understandings of written sentences. Single gold-standard interpretations rarely exist, challenging conventional assumptions in natural language processing. This work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Liesbeth Allein , Maria Mihaela Truşcǎ , Marie-Francine Moens

Growing concerns about safety and alignment of AI systems highlight the importance of embedding moral capabilities in artificial agents: a promising solution is the use of learning from experience, i.e., Reinforcement Learning. In…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Indirect reciprocity is a major mechanism in the maintenance of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Indirect reciprocity leads to conditional cooperation according to social norms that discriminate the good (those who deserve to be…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-07 Tatsuya Sasaki , Isamu Okada , Yutaka Nakai

Implicit Personalization (IP) is a phenomenon of language models inferring a user's background from the implicit cues in the input prompts and tailoring the response based on this inference. While previous work has touched upon various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Zhijing Jin , Nils Heil , Jiarui Liu , Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Yahang Qi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Rada Mihalcea , Mrinmaya Sachan

Institutions and investors face the constant challenge of making accurate decisions and predictions regarding how best they should distribute their endowments. The problem of achieving an optimal outcome at minimal cost has been extensively…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Theodor Cimpeanu , Cedric Perret , The Anh Han

We study delegated Bayesian persuasion: a principal incentivizes an intermediary to design information via outcome-contingent transfers, while the intermediary privately chooses the experiment subject to convex costs. We characterize…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-04-27 Wilfried Youmbi Fotso , Xun Chen

The moral foundations theory supports that people, across cultures, tend to consider a small number of dimensions when classifying issues on a moral basis. The data also show that the statistics of weights attributed to each moral dimension…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-03-25 Renato Vicente , Alex Susemihl , João Pedro Jericó , Nestor Caticha

As robots become increasingly integrated into daily life, understanding responses to robot mistreatment carries important ethical and design implications. This mixed-methods study (N = 201) examined how anthropomorphic levels and moral…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Fan Yang , Renkai Ma , Yaxin Hu , Lingyao Li