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Conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) have enabled high-fidelity computational staining and destaining of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) in digital pathology whole-slide images (WSI). However, their ability to generalize to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Aarushi Kulkarni , Alarice Lowe , Pratik Shah

The emergence of virtual staining technology provides a rapid and efficient alternative for researchers in tissue pathology. It enables the utilization of unlabeled microscopic samples to generate virtual replicas of chemically stained…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-08 Junjia Wang , Bo Xiong , You Zhou , Xun Cao , Zhan Ma

Digital pathology and microscopy image analysis are widely employed in the segmentation of digitally scanned IHC slides, primarily to identify cancer and pinpoint regions of interest (ROI) indicative of tumor presence. However, current ROI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Akash Modi , Sumit Kumar Jha , Purnendu Mishra , Rajiv Kumar , Kiran Aatre , Gursewak Singh , Shubham Mathur

Universal, transferable whole-slide image (WSI) representations are central to computational pathology. Incorporating multiple markers (e.g., immunohistochemistry, IHC) alongside H&E enriches H&E-based features with diverse, biologically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yizhi Zhang , Lei Fan , Zhulin Tao , Donglin Di , Yang Song , Sidong Liu , Cong Cong

The field of histology relies heavily on antiquated tissue processing and staining techniques that limit the efficiency of pathologic diagnoses of cancer and other diseases. Current staining and advanced labeling methods are often…

Histopathology tissue samples are widely available in two states: paraffin-embedded unstained and non-paraffin-embedded stained whole slide RGB images (WSRI). Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) is one of the principal stains in histology but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Aman Rana , Gregory Yauney , Alarice Lowe , Pratik Shah

Generative models enable the translation from a source image domain where readily trained models are available to a target domain unseen during training. While Cycle Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are well established, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Nicolas Brieu , Nicolas Triltsch , Philipp Wortmann , Dominik Winter , Shashank Saran , Marlon Rebelatto , Günter Schmidt

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining highlights the molecular information critical to diagnostics in tissue samples. However, compared to H&E staining, IHC staining can be much more expensive in terms of both labor and the laboratory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Fangda Li , Zhiqiang Hu , Wen Chen , Avinash Kak

We propose a novel hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain normalization method based on a modified U-Net neural network architecture. Unlike previous deep-learning methods that were often based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), we take…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-11 Chi-Chen Lee , Po-Tsun Paul Kuo , Chi-Han Peng

Virtual staining streamlines traditional staining procedures by digitally generating stained images from unstained or differently stained images. While conventional staining methods involve time-consuming chemical processes, virtual…

The overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cells is a key driver of HER2-positive breast cancer, a highly aggressive subtype requiring precise diagnosis and targeted therapy. Immunohistochemistry…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Sara Rehmat , Hafeez Ur Rehman , Byeong-Gwon Kang , Sarra Ayouni , Yunyoung Nam

Chemical staining methods are dependable but require extensive time, expensive chemicals, and raise environmental concerns. These challenges highlight the need for alternative solutions like virtual staining, which accelerates the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Mehdi Ounissi , Ilias Sarbout , Jean-Pierre Hugot , Christine Martinez-Vinson , Dominique Berrebi , Daniel Racoceanu

We propose a virtual staining methodology based on Generative Adversarial Networks to map histopathology images of breast cancer tissue from H&E stain to PHH3 and vice versa. We use the resulting synthetic images to build Convolutional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-18 Caner Mercan , Germonda Reijnen-Mooij , David Tellez Martin , Johannes Lotz , Nick Weiss , Marcel van Gerven , Francesco Ciompi

Conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining is limited to revealing cell morphology and distribution, whereas immunohistochemical (IHC) staining provides precise and specific visualization of protein activation at the molecular level.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Fuqiang Chen , Ranran Zhang , Boyun Zheng , Yiwen Sun , Jiahui He , Wenjian Qin

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has transformed clinical pathology by enabling the visualization of specific proteins within tissue sections. However, traditional IHC requires one tissue section per stain, exhibits section-to-section…

Computational pathology is a domain that aims to develop algorithms to automatically analyze large digitized histopathology images, called whole slide images (WSI). WSIs are produced scanning thin tissue samples that are stained to make…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-20 Niccoló Marini , Manfredo Atzori , Sebastian Otálora , Stephane Marchand-Maillet , Henning Müller

With the rapid development of digital pathology, virtual staining has become a key technology in multimedia medical information systems, offering new possibilities for the analysis and diagnosis of pathological images. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hao Yang , JianYu Wu , Run Fang , Xuelian Zhao , Yuan Ji , Zhiyu Chen , Guibin He , Junceng Guo , Yang Liu , Xinhua Zeng

Computational histopathology image diagnosis becomes increasingly popular and important, where images are segmented or classified for disease diagnosis by computers. While pathologists do not struggle with color variations in slides,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-27 Hanwen Liang , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Xingyu Li

The creation of in-silico datasets can expand the utility of existing annotations to new domains with different staining patterns in computational pathology. As such, it has the potential to significantly lower the cost associated with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Dominik Winter , Nicolas Triltsch , Philipp Plewa , Marco Rosati , Thomas Padel , Ross Hill , Markus Schick , Nicolas Brieu

Immunohistochemistry is a valuable diagnostic tool for cancer pathology. However, it requires specialist labs and equipment, is time-intensive, and is difficult to reproduce. Consequently, a long term aim is to provide a digital method of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Christopher D. Walsh , Joanne Edwards , Robert H. Insall