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Related papers: Closing the gap towards end-to-end autonomous vehi…

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Recent advances in generative models have sparked exciting new possibilities in the field of autonomous vehicles. Specifically, video generation models are now being explored as controllable virtual testing environments. Simultaneously,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jiahao Wang , Zhenpei Yang , Yijing Bai , Yingwei Li , Yuliang Zou , Bo Sun , Abhijit Kundu , Jose Lezama , Luna Yue Huang , Zehao Zhu , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan , Chiyu Max Jiang

In recent years, considerable progress has been made towards a vehicle's ability to operate autonomously. An end-to-end approach attempts to achieve autonomous driving using a single, comprehensive software component. Recent breakthroughs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Hege Haavaldsen , Max Aasboe , Frank Lindseth

End-to-End Autonomous Driving (E2E-AD) systems are typically grouped by the nature of their outputs: (i) waypoint-based models that predict a future trajectory, and (ii) action-based models that directly output throttle, steer and brake.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jorge Daniel Rodríguez-Vidal , Gabriel Villalonga , Diego Porres , Antonio M. López Peña

End-to-end learning has shown great potential in autonomous parking, yet the lack of publicly available datasets limits reproducibility and benchmarking. While prior work introduced a visual-based parking model and a pipeline for data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Kejia Gao , Liguo Zhou , Mingjun Liu , Alois Knoll

Deep reinforcement Learning for end-to-end driving is limited by the need of complex reward engineering. Sparse rewards can circumvent this challenge but suffers from long training time and leads to sub-optimal policy. In this work, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Pranav Agarwal , Pierre de Beaucorps , Raoul de Charette

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving aims to directly map sensory observations to driving actions, but its real-world deployment is hindered by evolving data distributions and the high cost of continual annotation. While combining imitation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ziang Guo , Chen Min , Xuefeng Zhang , Yixiao Zhou , Shuo Wang , Sifa Zheng , Dzmitry Tsetserukou , Zufeng Zhang

V2X cooperation, through the integration of sensor data from both vehicles and infrastructure, is considered a pivotal approach to advancing autonomous driving technology. Current research primarily focuses on enhancing perception accuracy,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Zhiwei Li , Bozhen Zhang , Lei Yang , Tianyu Shen , Nuo Xu , Ruosen Hao , Weiting Li , Tao Yan , Huaping Liu

End-to-End (E2E) autonomous driving models have shown growing capability in recent years, with performance improving on increasingly challenging benchmarks. However, modern generative E2E planners still suffer from a substantial number of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Shounak Sural , Raj Rajkumar

Imitation learning is a promising approach to end-to-end training of autonomous vehicle controllers. Typically the driving process with such approaches is entirely automatic and black-box, although in practice it is desirable to control the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Renhao Wang , Adam Scibior , Frank Wood

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has emerged as a promising paradigm that unifies perception, prediction, and planning into a holistic, data-driven framework. However, achieving robustness to varying camera viewpoints, a common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hoonhee Cho , Jae-Young Kang , Giwon Lee , Hyemin Yang , Heejun Park , Seokwoo Jung , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Human driving behavior is inherently diverse, yet most end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) systems learn a single average driving style, neglecting individual differences. Achieving personalized E2E-AD faces challenges across three…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Xiaoru Dong , Ruiqin Li , Xiao Han , Zhenxuan Wu , Jiamin Wang , Jian Chen , Qi Jiang , SM Yiu , Xinge Zhu , Yuexin Ma

End-to-end approaches to autonomous driving have high sample complexity and are difficult to scale to realistic urban driving. Simulation can help end-to-end driving systems by providing a cheap, safe, and diverse training environment. Yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Matthias Müller , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Bernard Ghanem , Vladlen Koltun

Autonomous driving is undergoing a shift from modular rule based pipelines toward end to end (E2E) learning systems. This paper examines this transition by tracing the evolution from classical sense perceive plan control architectures to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eduardo Nebot , Julie Stephany Berrio Perez

Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka

We present an end-to-end imitation learning system for agile, off-road autonomous driving using only low-cost sensors. By imitating a model predictive controller equipped with advanced sensors, we train a deep neural network control policy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-12 Yunpeng Pan , Ching-An Cheng , Kamil Saigol , Keuntaek Lee , Xinyan Yan , Evangelos Theodorou , Byron Boots

Deep networks trained on demonstrations of human driving have learned to follow roads and avoid obstacles. However, driving policies trained via imitation learning cannot be controlled at test time. A vehicle trained end-to-end to imitate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Felipe Codevilla , Matthias Müller , Antonio López , Vladlen Koltun , Alexey Dosovitskiy

Most self-driving systems rely on hand-coded perception outputs and engineered driving rules. Learning directly from human driving data with an end-to-end method can allow for a training architecture that is simpler and scales well with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mitchell Goff , Greg Hogan , George Hotz , Armand du Parc Locmaria , Kacper Raczy , Harald Schäfer , Adeeb Shihadeh , Weixing Zhang , Yassine Yousfi

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Autonomous driving is of great interest to industry and academia alike. The use of machine learning approaches for autonomous driving has long been studied, but mostly in the context of perception. In this paper we take a deeper look on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Ardi Tampuu , Maksym Semikin , Naveed Muhammad , Dmytro Fishman , Tambet Matiisen

End-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving has recently emerged as a new paradigm, offering significant potential. However, few studies have looked into the practical challenge of deployment across domains (e.g., cities). Although several works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Rajeev Yasarla , Shizhong Han , Hsin-Pai Cheng , Litian Liu , Shweta Mahajan , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Yunxiao Shi , Risheek Garrepalli , Hong Cai , Fatih Porikli
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