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Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ with a set of vertices $V$ and a set of edges $E$, a graph coloring problem involves finding a partition of the vertices into different independent sets. In this paper we present a new framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Olivier Goudet , Cyril Grelier , Jin-Kao Hao

We study the behavior of the Douglas-Rachford algorithm on the graph vertex-coloring problem. Given a graph and a number of colors, the goal is to find a coloring of the vertices so that all adjacent vertex pairs have different colors. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-06 F. J. Aragón Artacho , R. Campoy , V. Elser

We present an effective heuristic for the Steiner Problem in Graphs. Its main elements are a multistart algorithm coupled with aggressive combination of elite solutions, both leveraging recently-proposed fast local searches. We also propose…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-12-11 Thomas Pajor , Eduardo Uchoa , Renato F. Werneck

Graph coloring involves assigning colors to the vertices of a graph such that two vertices linked by an edge receive different colors. Graph coloring problems are general models that are very useful to formulate many relevant applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Olivier Goudet , Béatrice Duval , Jin-Kao Hao

We present the Douglas-Rachford algorithm as a successful heuristic for solving graph coloring problems. Given a set of colors, these type of problems consist in assigning a color to each node of a graph, in such a way that every pair of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-12-16 Francisco J. Aragón Artacho , Rubén Campoy

Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, the $b$-coloring problem consists in attributing a color to every vertex in $V$ such that adjacent vertices receive different colors, every color has a $b$-vertex, and the number of colors is maximized. A $b$-vertex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-08 Rafael A. Melo , Michell F. Queiroz , Marcio C. Santos

In a previous version of this document we misinterpreted the runtime of a part of the described algorithm. Indeed, the runtime is not better than the Grover-Algorithm. We therefor withdraw this work. We present a novel algorithmic approach…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Michael Epping , Tobias Stollenwerk

We study the weighted improper coloring problem, a generalization of defective coloring. We present some hardness results and in particular we show that weighted improper coloring is not fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Bjarki Ágúst Guðmundsson , Tómas Ken Magnússon , Björn Orri Sæmundsson

Directed graphs provide more subtle and precise modelling tools for optimization in road networks than simple graphs. In particular, they are more suitable in the context of alternative fuel vehicles and new automotive technologies, like…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Lukas Dijkstra , Andrei Gagarin , Padraig Corcoran , Rhyd Lewis

Identifying the sets of operations that can be executed simultaneously is an important problem appearing in many parallel applications. By modeling the operations and their interactions as a graph, one can identify the independent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-07-28 Ahmet Erdem Sarıyüce , Erik Saule , Ümit V. Çatalyürek

The graph colouring problem consists of assigning labels, or colours, to the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices share the same colour. In this work we investigate whether deep reinforcement learning can be used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 George Watkins , Giovanni Montana , Juergen Branke

In parallel computing, a valid graph coloring yields a lock-free processing of the colored tasks, data points, etc., without expensive synchronization mechanisms. However, coloring is not free and the overhead can be significant. In…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Mustafa Kemal Taş , Kamer Kaya , Erik Saule

We consider the problem of online graph colouring. Whenever a node is requested, a colour must be assigned to the node, and this colour must be different from the colours of any of its neighbours. According to the greedy algorithm the node…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-01-05 Wojciech Kordecki , Anna Łyczkowska-Hanćkowiak

We present a randomized algorithm that, given a constant $\epsilon > 0$, outputs a proper $(1+\epsilon)\Delta$-edge-coloring of an $m$-edge simple graph $G$ of maximum degree $\Delta \geq 1/\epsilon$ in $O(m)$ time with high probability.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anton Bernshteyn , Abhishek Dhawan

Given a dynamic graph subject to edge insertions and deletions, we show how to update an implicit representation of a proper vertex colouring, such that colours of vertices are computable upon query time. We give a deterministic algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Aleksander B. G. Christiansen , Krzysztof D. Nowicki , Eva Rotenberg

We analyze greedy algorithms for the Hierarchical Aggregation (HAG) problem, a strategy introduced in [Jia et al., KDD 2020] for speeding up learning on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). The idea of HAG is to identify and remove redundancies in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Alexandra Porter , Mary Wootters

The Greedy algorithm is the simplest heuristic in sequential decision problem that carelessly takes the locally optimal choice at each round, disregarding any advantages of exploring and/or information gathering. Theoretically, it is known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Matthieu Jedor , Jonathan Louëdec , Vianney Perchet

Graph colouring is a combinatorial optimisation problem with applications in several important domains, including sports scheduling, cartography, street map navigation, and timetabling. It is also of significant theoretical interest and a…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Rhyd Lewis

Vizing's theorem guarantees that every graph with maximum degree $\Delta$ admits an edge coloring using $\Delta + 1$ colors. In online settings - where edges arrive one at a time and must be colored immediately - a simple greedy algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Joakim Blikstad , Ola Svensson , Radu Vintan , David Wajc

We introduce two novel evolutionary formulations of the problem of coloring the nodes of a graph. The first formulation is based on the relationship that exists between a graph's chromatic number and its acyclic orientations. It views such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 V. C. Barbosa , C. A. G. Assis , J. O. do Nascimento