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We introduce the idea of temporal graphs, a representation that encodes temporal data into graphs while fully retaining the temporal information of the original data. This representation lets us explore the dynamic temporal properties of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-06-06 Vassilis Kostakos

Word-representable graphs are a subset of graphs that may be represented by a word $w$ over an alphabet composed of the vertices in the graph. In such graphs, an edge exists if and only if the occurrences of the corresponding vertices…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Duncan Adamson

Dynamic networks reflect temporal changes occurring to the graph's structure and are used to model a wide variety of problems in many application fields. We investigate the design space of dynamic graph visualization along two major…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Velitchko Filipov , Alessio Arleo , Markus Bögl , Silvia Miksch

Temporal graphs represent interactions between entities over time. These interactions may be direct, a contact between two vertices at some time instant, or indirect, through sequences of contacts called journeys. Deciding whether an entity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Luiz F. Afra Brito , Marcelo Keese Albertini , Bruno A. N. Travençolo

Temporal graphs are graphs where the presence or properties of their vertices and edges change over time. When time is discrete, a temporal graph can be defined as a sequence of static graphs over a discrete time span, called lifetime, or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Binh-Minh Bui-Xuan , Florent Krasnopol , Bruno Monasson , Nathalie Sznajder

Time series aggregation (TSA) aims to construct temporally aggregated optimization models that accurately represent the output space of their full-scale counterparts while using a significantly reduced temporal dimensionality. This paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Thomas Klatzer , David Cardona-Vasquez , Luca Santosuosso , Sonja Wogrin

Representing the movements of objects (trips) over a network in a compact way while retaining the capability of exploiting such data effectively is an important challenge of real applications. We present a new Compact Trip Representation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Antonio Fariña , Daniil Galaktionov , M. Andrea Rodriguez

Real-time analysis of graphs containing temporal information, such as social media streams, Q&A networks, and cyber data sources, plays an important role in various applications. Among them, detecting patterns is one of the fundamental…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Seunghwan Min , Jihoon Jang , Kunsoo Park , Dora Giammarresi , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Wook-Shin Han

Question Answering over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGQA) has attracted growing interest for handling time-sensitive queries. However, existing methods still struggle with: 1) weak incorporation of temporal constraints in question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Wuzhenghong Wen , Bowen Zhou , Jinwen Huang , Xianjie Wu , Yuwei Sun , Su Pan , Liang Li , Jianting Liu

Pairwise temporal interactions between entities can be represented as temporal networks, which code the propagation of processes such as epidemic spreading or information cascades, evolving on top of them. The largest outcome of these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Rémi Vaudaine , Pierre Borgnat , Paulo Goncalves , Rémi Gribonval , Márton Karsai

A temporal graph is a graph in which connections between vertices are active at specific times, and such temporal information leads to completely new patterns and knowledge that are not present in a non-temporal graph. In this paper, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-10 Silu Huang , James Cheng , Huanhuan Wu

We present time-constrained automata (TCA), a model for hard real-time computation in which agents behaviors are modeled by automata and constrained by time intervals. TCA actions can have multiple start time and deadlines, can be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-10-28 Matthieu Lemerre , Vincent David , Christophe Aussaguès , Guy Vidal-Naquet

In this work, we introduce a filtration on temporal graphs based on $\delta$-temporal motifs (recurrent subgraphs), yielding a multi-scale representation of temporal structure. Our temporal filtration allows tools developed for filtered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Samrik Chowdhury , Siddharth Pritam , Rohit Roy , Madhav Cherupilil Sajeev

Temporal graphs provide a useful model for many real-world networks. Unfortunately the majority of algorithmic problems we might consider on such graphs are intractable. There has been recent progress in defining structural parameters which…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Jessica Enright , Samuel D. Hand , Laura Larios-Jones , Kitty Meeks

Temporal graph representation learning aims to generate low-dimensional dynamic node embeddings to capture temporal information as well as structural and property information. Current representation learning methods for temporal networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Hongjiang Chen , Pengfei Jiao , Huijun Tang , Huaming Wu

Temporal graphs are graphs whose topology is subject to discrete changes over time. Given a static underlying graph $G$, a temporal graph is represented by assigning a set of integer time-labels to every edge $e$ of $G$, indicating the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-09-30 George B. Mertzios , Hendrik Molter , Rolf Niedermeier , Viktor Zamaraev , Philipp Zschoche

Graphs are used to represent a plethora of phenomena, from the Web and social networks, to biological pathways, to semantic knowledge bases. Arguably the most interesting and important questions one can ask about graphs have to do with…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Vera Zaychik Moffitt , Julia Stoyanovich

Knowledge graphs have garnered significant research attention and are widely used to enhance downstream applications. However, most current studies mainly focus on static knowledge graphs, whose facts do not change with time, and disregard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Li Cai , Xin Mao , Yuhao Zhou , Zhaoguang Long , Changxu Wu , Man Lan

In the last decades, the necessity to process massive amounts of textual data fueled the development of compressed text indexes: data structures efficiently answering queries on a given text while occupying space proportional to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

Graph-based learning excels at capturing interaction patterns in diverse domains like recommendation, fraud detection, and particle physics. However, its performance often degrades under distribution shifts, especially those altering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Shikun Liu , Han Zhao , Pan Li