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Many irregular domains such as social networks, financial transactions, neuron connections, and natural language constructs are represented using graph structures. In recent years, a variety of graph neural networks (GNNs) have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Osman Asif Malik , Shashanka Ubaru , Lior Horesh , Misha E. Kilmer , Haim Avron

A temporal (directed) graph is a graph whose edges are available only at specific times during its lifetime, $\tau$. Paths are sequences of adjacent edges whose appearing times are either strictly increasing or non-strictly increasingly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-01 Isnard Lopes Costa , Raul Lopes , Andrea Marino , Ana Silva

An important characteristic of temporal graphs is how the directed arrow of time influences their causal topology, i.e., which nodes can possibly influence each other causally via time-respecting paths. The resulting patterns are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Franziska Heeg , Jonas Sauer , Petra Mutzel , Ingo Scholtes

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is a linear representation learning method that seeks maximally correlated variables in multi-view data. Non-linear CCA extends this notion to a broader family of transformations, which are more powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Amichai Painsky , Meir Feder , Naftali Tishby

When searching for interesting structures in graphs, it is often important to take into account not only the graph connectivity, but also the metadata available, such as node and edge labels, or temporal information. In this paper we are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Polina Rozenshtein , Giulia Preti , Aristides Gionis , Yannis Velegrakis

Dynamic or temporal networks enable representation of time-varying edges between nodes. Conventional adjacency-based data structures used for storing networks such as adjacency lists were designed without incorporating time and can thus…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Tanner Hilsabeck , Makan Arastuie , Kevin S. Xu

Temporal knowledge graphs represent temporal facts $(s,p,o,\tau)$ relating a subject $s$ and an object $o$ via a relation label $p$ at time $\tau$, where $\tau$ could be a time point or time interval. Temporal knowledge graphs may exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiaxin Pan , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Yinan Li , Steffen Staab

Dynamic graphs are prevalent in real-world scenarios, where continuous structural changes induce catastrophic forgetting in graph neural networks (GNNs). While continual learning has been extended to dynamic graphs, existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Tingxu Yan , Ye Yuan

Temporal graphs are graphs where the edge set can change in each time step, and the vertex set stays the same. Exploration of temporal graphs whose snapshot in each time step is a connected graph, called connected temporal graphs, has been…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Konstantinos Dogeas , Thomas Erlebach , Frank Kammer , Johannes Meintrup , William K. Moses

Numerous complex systems, such as those arisen in ecological networks, genomic contact networks, and social networks, exhibit higher-order and time-varying characteristics, which can be effectively modeled using temporal hypergraphs.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-23 Anqi Dong , Xin Mao , Can Chen

Imagery is frequently used to model, represent and communicate knowledge. In particular, graphs are one of the most powerful tools, being able to represent relations between objects. Causal relations are frequently represented by directed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Alejandro Sobrino , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchan , Cristina Puente

In recent decades, hypergraphs and their analysis through Topological Data Analysis (TDA) have emerged as powerful tools for understanding complex data structures. Various methods have been developed to construct hypergraphs -- referred to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-22 Rémi Vaucher , Paul Minchella

Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs) enhance graph structures with natural language descriptions, enabling detailed representation of data and their relationships across a broad spectrum of real-world scenarios. Despite the potential for deeper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zheng Zhang , Yuntong Hu , Bo Pan , Chen Ling , Liang Zhao

Many real-world networks, such as transportation or trade networks, are dynamic in the sense that the edge set may change over time, but these changes are known in advance. This behavior is captured by the temporal graphs model, which has…

The times of temporal-network events and their correlations contain information on the function of the network and they influence dynamical processes taking place on it. To extract information out of correlated event times, techniques such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-12-10 Jari Saramäki , Mikko Kivelä , Márton Karsai

Key graph-based problems play a central role in understanding network topology and uncovering patterns of similarity in homogeneous and temporal data. Such patterns can be revealed by analyzing communities formed by nodes, which in turn can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Davide Rucci , Emanuele Carlini , Patrizio Dazzi , Hanna Kavalionak , Matteo Mordacchini

We present the Temporal Graph Benchmark (TGB), a collection of challenging and diverse benchmark datasets for realistic, reproducible, and robust evaluation of machine learning models on temporal graphs. TGB datasets are of large scale,…

Graph representation learning is a fundamental task in various applications that strives to learn low-dimensional embeddings for nodes that can preserve graph topology information. However, many existing methods focus on static graphs while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Jingxin Liu , Chang Xu , Chang Yin , Weiqiang Wu , You Song

We present a dynamic data structure representing a graph G, which allows addition and removal of edges from G and can determine the number of appearances of a graph of a bounded size as an induced subgraph of G. The queries are answered in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-04 Zdenek Dvorak , Vojtech Tuma

Forecasting graph-based, time-dependent data has broad practical applications but presents challenges. Effective models must capture both spatial and temporal dependencies in the data, while also incorporating auxiliary information to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yang Li , Di Wang , José M. F. Moura
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