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In this paper, we study the graph induced by the $\textit{2-swap}$ permutation on words with a fixed Parikh vector. A $2$-swap is defined as a pair of positions $s = (i, j)$ where the word $w$ induced by the swap $s$ on $v$ is $v[1] v[2]…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-28 Duncan Adamson , Nathan Flaherty , Igor Potapov , Paul G. Spirakis

A split graph is a graph whose vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and an independent set. The word-representability of split graphs was studied in a series of papers in the literature, and the class of word-representable split…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Tithi Dwary , Khyodeno Mozhui , K. V. Krishna

The notion of word-representable graphs is a generalization of comparability graphs, in which graphs are represented by words. The complexity of word-representation of a word-representable graph is captured through the representation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Khyodeno Mozhui , K. V. Krishna

The graphs with permutation-representation number (\textit{prn}) at most two are known. While a characterization for the class of graphs with the \textit{prn} at most three is an open problem, we summarize the graphs of this class that are…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Khyodeno Mozhui , K. V. Krishna

In this paper, we introduce a corresponding between bipartite graphs with a perfect matching and digraphs, which implicates an equivalent relation between the extendibility of bipartite graphs and the strongly connectivity of digraphs. Such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-22 Zan-Bo Zhang , Dingjun Lou

The paper consider an equivalence relation in the set of vertices of a bipartite graph. Some numerical characteristics showing the cardinality of equivalence classes are introduced. A combinatorial identity that is in relationship to these…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-04-28 Krasimir Yordzhev

Word-representable graphs are a class of graphs that can be represented by words, where edges and non-edges are determined by the alternation of letters in those words. Several papers in the literature have explored the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Herman Z. Q. Chen , Humaira Hameed , Sergey Kitaev

There is a long line of research in the literature dedicated to word-representable graphs, which generalize several important classes of graphs. However, not much is known about word-representability of split graphs, another important class…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-23 Herman Z. Q. Chen , Sergey Kitaev , Akira Saito

Two recent publications describe realizable Gauss diagrams using conditions stating that the number of chords in certain sets of chords is even or odd. We demonstrate that these descriptions are incorrect by finding multiple…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-12-15 Alexei Lisitsa , Viktor Lopatkin , Alexei Vernitski

Graph-based semantic representations are valuable in natural language processing, where it is often simple and effective to represent linguistic concepts as nodes, and relations as edges between them. Several attempts has been made to find…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Johanna Björklund , Frank Drewes , Anna Jonsson

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is a \emph{word-representable graph} if there exists a word $W$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $W$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. In this paper we give an effective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-29 Magnús M. Halldórsson , Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

Letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in a word $w$ if after deleting in $w$ all letters but the copies of $x$ and $y$ we either obtain a word $xyxy\cdots$ (of even or odd length) or a word $yxyx\cdots$ (of even or odd length). A graph $G=(V,E)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-29 Sergey Kitaev , Yangjing Long , Jun Ma , Hehui Wu

We propose a new approach to text semantic analysis and general corpus analysis using, as termed in this article, a "bi-gram graph" representation of a corpus. The different attributes derived from graph theory are measured and analyzed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Thomas Konstantinovsky , Matan Mizrachi

Working in any model theoretic structure, we single out a class of definable bipartite graphs that admit definable, close to perfect matchings. We use this result to prove a strengthening of Tarski's theorem for the definable setting.

Logic · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Jana Maříková

We investigate commutative images of languages recognised by register automata and grammars. Semi-linear and rational sets can be naturally extended to this setting by allowing for orbit-finite unions instead of only finite ones. We prove…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Piotr Hofman , Marta Juzepczuk , Sławomir Lasota , Mohnish Pattathurajan

In this thesis we present a semantic representation formalism based on directed graphs and explore its linguistic adequacy and explanatory benefits in the semantics of plurality and quantification. Our graph language covers the essentials…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Yu Cao

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is word-representable if there exists a word $w$ over the alphabet $V$ such that letters $x$ and $y$ alternate in $w$ if and only if $(x,y)\in E$ for each $x\neq y$. The set of word-representable graphs generalizes several…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-11 Andrew Collins , Sergey Kitaev , Vadim Lozin

We introduce the notion of general prints of a word, which is substantialized by certain canonical decompositions, to study repetition in words. These associated decompositions, when applied recursively on a word, result in what we term as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-18 Ghajendran Poovanandran , Adrian Atanasiu , Wen Chean Teh

In this purely experimental work we try to represent the set of plane maps with 3 vertices and 3 faces as a bipartite ribbon graph. In particular, this construction allows one to estimate the genus of the initial set.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Yury Kochetkov

We study the existence of perfect matchings in suitably chosen induced subgraphs of random biregular bipartite graphs. We prove a result similar to a classical theorem of Erdos and Renyi about perfect matchings in random bipartite graphs.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-10 Guillem Perarnau , Giorgis Petridis