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This is the first part of a series of two papers where we study perturbations of divergence form second order elliptic operators $-\mathop{\operatorname{div}} A \nabla$ by first and zero order terms, whose coefficients lie in critical…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-02-02 Simon Bortz , Steve Hofmann , José Luis Luna Garcia , Svitlana Mayboroda , Bruno Poggi

Kato's second representation theorem is generalized to solvable sesquilinear forms. These forms need not be non-negative nor symmetric. The representation considered holds for a subclass of solvable forms (called hyper-solvable), precisely…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Rosario Corso

Let $w$ be a Muckenhoupt $A_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weight and $L_w:=-w^{-1}\mathop\mathrm{div}(A\nabla)$ the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq 2$. In this article, the authors establish some weighted $L^p$…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-09-21 Dachun Yang , Junqiang Zhang

This paper is concerned with the square root problem of Kato for the "sum" of linear operators in a Hilbert space ${\mathbb H}$. Under suitable assumptions, we show that if $A$ and $B$ are respectively m-scetroial linear operators…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Toka Diagana

Let $(M,g)$ be a Riemannian manifold with Laplace-Beltrami operator $-\Delta$ and let $E\to M$ be a Hermitian vector bundle with a Hermitian covariant derivative $\nabla$. Furthermore, let H(0) denote the Friedrichs realization of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-09-15 Batu Güneysu

We prove a Kato square root estimate with anisotropically degenerate matrix coefficients. We do so by doing the harmonic analysis using an auxiliary Riemannian metric adapted to the operator. We also derive $L^2$-solvability estimates for…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Gianmarco Brocchi , Andreas Rosén

We solve the Kato square root problem for parabolic operators whose coefficients can be written as the sum of a complex part, which is coercive, and a real anti-symmetric part, which is in BMO. In particular, we allow for certain unbounded…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-01-15 Alireza Ataei , Kaj Nyström

We obtain the Kato square root property for coupled second-order elliptic systems in divergence form subject to mixed boundary conditions on an open and possibly unbounded set in $\mathbb{R}^n$ under two simple geometric conditions: The…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Sebastian Bechtel , Cody Hutcheson , Tim Schmatzler , Tolgahan Tasci , Mattes Wittig

We consider perturbations of Dirac type operators on complete, connected metric spaces equipped with a doubling measure. Under a suitable set of assumptions, we prove quadratic estimates for such operators and hence deduce that these…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-23 Lashi Bandara

We establish the Kato square root property for the generalized Stokes operator on $\mathbb{R}^d$ with bounded measurable coefficients. More precisely, we identify the domain of the square root of $Au := - \operatorname{div}(\mu \nabla u) +…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-10-25 Luca Haardt , Patrick Tolksdorf

Let $0<\sigma<n/2$ and $H=(-\Delta)^\sigma +V(x)$ be Schr\"odinger type operators on $\mathbb R^n$ with a class of scaling-critical potentials $V(x)$, which include the Hardy potential $a|x|^{-2\sigma}$ with a sharp coupling constant $a\ge…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2021-10-13 Haruya Mizutani , Xiaohua Yao

We prove square function estimates in $L_2$ for general operators of the form $B_1D_1+D_2B_2$, where $D_i$ are partially elliptic constant coefficient homogeneous first order self-adjoint differential operators with orthogonal ranges, and…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2012-11-30 Andreas Rosén

In a bounded smooth domain of Rn, we shall establish Kato's inequalities involving measures for p-Laplace operator up to the boundary under suitable assumptions. Keywords: Kato's inequality, $p$-Laplace operator

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-25 Toshio Horiuchi , Peter Kumlin

We consider the operator $L=-{\rm div}(A\nabla)$, where the $n\times n$ matrix $A$ is real-valued, elliptic, with the symmetric part of $A$ in $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and the anti-symmetric part of $A$ only belongs to the space…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Steve Hofmann , Linhan Li , Svitlana Mayboroda , Jill Pipher

In the infinite-dimensional separable complex Hilbert space we construct new abstract examples of unbounded maximal accretive and maximal sectorial operators $B$ for which ${\rm dom\,}B^{\frac{1}{2}}\ne{\rm dom\,}B^{*{\frac{1}{2}}}$. New…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Yury Arlinskiĭ

Seeking for a relativistic generalisation of the non-relativistic Schroedinger equation, one very soon arrives at equations with a square-root operator by having applied the quantum mechanical correspondence principle to the formula of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tobias Gleim

We consider parabolic operators of the form $$\partial_t+\mathcal{L},\ \mathcal{L}=-\mbox{div}\, A(X,t)\nabla,$$ in $\mathbb R_+^{n+2}:=\{(X,t)=(x,x_{n+1},t)\in \mathbb R^{n}\times \mathbb R\times \mathbb R:\ x_{n+1}>0\}$, $n\geq 1$. We…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-03-10 Kaj Nyström

In this note, we prove weighted resolvent estimates for the semiclassical Schr\"odinger operator $-h^2 \Delta + V(x) : L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) \to L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $n \neq 2$. The potential $V$ is real-valued, and assumed to either decay at…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Jeffrey Galkowski , Jacob Shapiro

Let $\alpha>0$, $H=(-\triangle)^{\alpha}+V(x)$, $V(x)$ belongs to the higher order Kato class $K_{2\alpha}(\mathbbm{R}^n)$. For $1\leq p\leq \infty$, we prove a polynomial upper bound of $\|e^{-itH}(H+M)^{-\beta}\|_{L^p, L^p}$ in terms of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-06-12 Shanlin Huang , Ming Wang , Quan Zheng , Zhiwen Duan

Let $ H_0=-\dd+V_0 $ be a multidimensional Schr\"odinger ope\-rator with a real-valued potential and infinite band spectrum, and $H=H_0+V$ be its non-selfadjoint perturbation defined with the help of Kato approach. We prove Lieb--Thirring…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-14 L. Golinskii , S. Kupin