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Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) allow user processes to create enclaves that protect security-sensitive computation against access from the OS kernel and the hypervisor. Recent work has shown that TEEs are vulnerable to side-channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Shujie Cui , Haohua Li , Yuanhong Li , Zhi Zhang , Lluís Vilanova , Peter Pietzuch

Modern processors use branch prediction and speculative execution to maximize performance. For example, if the destination of a branch depends on a memory value that is in the process of being read, CPUs will try guess the destination and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Paul Kocher , Daniel Genkin , Daniel Gruss , Werner Haas , Mike Hamburg , Moritz Lipp , Stefan Mangard , Thomas Prescher , Michael Schwarz , Yuval Yarom

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have emerged as a cornerstone for securing sensitive computations by providing isolated enclaves protected from untrusted software. However, their security guarantees are undermined by vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Saltanat Firdous Allaqband , Deepanjali S , Rohit Srinivas R G , Devashish Gosain , Chester Rebeiro

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are used to protect sensitive data and run secure execution for security-critical applications, by providing an environment isolated from the rest of the system. However, over the last few years, TEEs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Sérgio Pereira , David Cerdeira , Cristiano Rodrigues , Sandro Pinto

Recent security vulnerabilities that target speculative execution (e.g., Spectre) present a significant challenge for processor design. The highly publicized vulnerability uses speculative execution to learn victim secrets by changing cache…

Modern operating systems (OSes) have unfettered access to application data, assuming that applications trust them. This assumption, however, is problematic under many scenarios where either the OS provider is not trustworthy or the OS can…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Caihua Li , Seung-seob Lee , Min Hong Yun , Lin Zhong

Modern microprocessors depend on speculative execution, creating vulnerabilities that enable transient execution attacks. Prior defenses target speculative data leakage but overlook false dependencies from partial address aliasing, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Gayathri Subramanian , Girinath P , Nitya Ranganathan , Kamakoti Veezhinathan , Gopalakrishnan Srinivasan

CPU cache is a limited but crucial storage component in modern processors, whereas the cache timing side-channel may inadvertently leak information through the physically measurable timing variance. Speculative execution, an essential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Shengjian Guo , Yueqi Chen , Peng Li , Yueqiang Cheng , Huibo Wang , Meng Wu , Zhiqiang Zuo

Trusted Execution Environment, or enclave, promises to protect data confidentiality and execution integrity of an outsourced computation on an untrusted host. Extending the protection to distributed applications that run on physically…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Hung Dang , Ee-Chien Chang

AI agents increasingly run untrusted code on developer machines: shell commands generated by language models, third-party scripts retrieved at runtime, and tool plugins of unknown provenance. Existing isolation mechanisms impose tradeoffs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Cong Wang , Yusheng Zheng

In-storage computing with modern solid-state drives (SSDs) enables developers to offload programs from the host to the SSD. It has been proven to be an effective approach to alleviate the I/O bottleneck. To facilitate in-storage computing,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Luyi Kang , Yuqi Xue , Weiwei Jia , Xiaohao Wang , Jongryool Kim , Changhwan Youn , Myeong Joon Kang , Hyung Jin Lim , Bruce Jacob , Jian Huang

The paper describes the design and hardware implementation of 32-bit encrypted MIPS processor based on MIPS pipeline architecture. The organization of pipeline stages in such a way that pipeline can be clocked at high frequency. Encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Kirat Pal Singh , Dilip Kumar

The Spectre vulnerability in modern processors has been widely reported. The key insight in this vulnerability is that speculative execution in processors can be misused to access the secrets. Subsequently, even though the speculatively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Guanhua Wang , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Ivan Gotovchits , Tulika Mitra , Abhik Roychoudhury

Modern processors, e.g., Intel SGX, allow applications to isolate secret code and data in encrypted memory regions called enclaves. While encryption effectively hides the contents of memory, the sequence of address references issued by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Manuel Costa , Lawrence Esswood , Olga Ohrimenko , Felix Schuster , Sameer Wagh

Intel software guard extensions (SGX) aims to provide an isolated execution environment, known as an enclave, for a user-level process to maximize its confidentiality and integrity. In this paper, we study how uninitialized data inside a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-26 Sangho Lee , Taesoo Kim

In modern computer systems, user processes are isolated from each other by the operating system and the hardware. Additionally, in a cloud scenario it is crucial that the hypervisor isolates tenants from other tenants that are co-located on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Michael Schwarz , Samuel Weiser , Daniel Gruss , Clémentine Maurice , Stefan Mangard

Microarchitectural timing attacks are a type of information leakage attack, which exploit the time-shared microarchitectural components, such as caches, translation look-aside buffers (TLBs), branch prediction unit (BPU), and speculative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Tuo Li , Bradley Hopkins , Sri Parameswaran

The recent Meltdown and Spectre attacks highlight the importance of automated verification techniques for identifying hardware security vulnerabilities. We have developed a tool for synthesizing microarchitecture-specific programs capable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Caroline Trippel , Daniel Lustig , Margaret Martonosi

Whenever modern CPUs encounter a conditional branch for which the condition cannot be evaluated yet, they predict the likely branch target and speculatively execute code. Such pipelining is key to optimizing runtime performance and is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-15 Giorgi Maisuradze , Christian Rossow

Transient Execution Attacks (TEAs) have gradually become a major security threat to modern high-performance processors. They exploit the vulnerability of speculative execution to illegally access private data, and transmit them through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Bowen Tang , Chenggang Wu , Pen-Chung Yew , Yinqian Zhang , Mengyao Xie , Yuanming Lai , Yan Kang , Wei Wang , Qiang Wei , Zhe Wang