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Speculative execution attacks leverage the speculative and out-of-order execution features in modern computer processors to access secret data or execute code that should not be executed. Secret information can then be leaked through a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Guangyuan Hu , Zecheng He , Ruby Lee

Micro-architectural attacks use information leaked through shared resources to break hardware-enforced isolation. These attacks have been used to steal private information ranging from cryptographic keys to privileged Operating System (OS)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Nikhilesh Singh , Chester Rebeiro

Trusted execution environments (TEEs) are an integral part of modern secure processors. They ensure that their application and code pages are confidential, tamper proof and immune to diverse types of attacks. In 2021, Intel suddenly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ani Sunny , Nivedita Shrivastava , Smruti R. Sarangi

Microarchitectural attacks represent a challenging and persistent threat to modern processors, exploiting inherent design vulnerabilities in processors to leak sensitive information or compromise systems. Of particular concern is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Mohamadreza Rostami , Shaza Zeitouni , Rahul Kande , Chen Chen , Pouya Mahmoody , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Exceptions are a commodity hardware functionality which is central to multi-tasking OSes as well as event-driven user applications. Normally, the OS assists the user application by lifting the semantics of exceptions received from hardware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Jinhua Cui , Jason Zhijingcheng Yu , Shweta Shinde , Prateek Saxena , Zhiping Cai

New speculation-based attacks that affect large numbers of modern systems are disclosed regularly. Currently, CPU vendors regularly fall back to heavy-handed mitigations like using barriers or enforcing strict programming guidelines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ali Hajiabadi , Archit Agarwal , Andreas Diavastos , Trevor E. Carlson

Side-channel attacks are a security exploit that take advantage of information leakage. They use measurement and analysis of physical parameters to reverse engineer and extract secrets from a system. Power analysis attacks in particular,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Yun Chen , Ali Hajiabadi , Romain Poussier , Andreas Diavastos , Shivam Bhasin , Trevor E. Carlson

We propose ProSpeCT, a generic formal processor model providing provably secure speculation for the constant-time policy. For constant-time programs under a non-speculative semantics, ProSpeCT guarantees that speculative and out-of-order…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Lesly-Ann Daniel , Marton Bognar , Job Noorman , Sébastien Bardin , Tamara Rezk , Frank Piessens

With the alarming rate of security advisories and privacy concerns on connected devices, there is an urgent need for strong isolation guarantees in resource-constrained devices that demand very lightweight solutions. However, the status quo…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Zahra Tarkhani , Anil Madhavapeddy

In the quest for efficiency and performance, edge-computing providers eliminate isolation boundaries between tenants, such as strict process isolation, and instead let them compute in a more lightweight multi-threaded single-process design.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Martin Schwarzl , Pietro Borrello , Andreas Kogler , Kenton Varda , Thomas Schuster , Daniel Gruss , Michael Schwarz

Modern computing systems are limited in performance by the memory bandwidth available to processors, a problem known as the memory wall. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) promises to substantially improve this problem by moving processing closer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Jingyao Zhang , Elaheh Sadredini

Modern processors are highly optimized systems where every single cycle of computation time matters. Many optimizations depend on the data that is being processed. Software-based microarchitectural attacks exploit effects of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Daniel Gruss

Security architectures providing Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) have been an appealing research subject for a wide range of computer systems, from low-end embedded devices to powerful cloud servers. The goal of these architectures is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Raad Bahmani , Ferdinand Brasser , Ghada Dessouky , Patrick Jauernig , Matthias Klimmek , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Emmanuel Stapf

We investigate the security of Split Learning -- a novel collaborative machine learning framework that enables peak performance by requiring minimal resources consumption. In the present paper, we expose vulnerabilities of the protocol and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Dario Pasquini , Giuseppe Ateniese , Massimo Bernaschi

Modern CPU architectures offer strong isolation guarantees towards user applications in the form of enclaves. For instance, Intel's threat model for SGX assumes fully trusted enclaves, yet there is an ongoing debate on whether this threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Michael Schwarz , Samuel Weiser , Daniel Gruss

Reasoning about correctness and security of software is increasingly difficult due to the complexity of modern microarchitectural features such as out-of-order execution. A class of security vulnerabilities termed Spectre that exploits side…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Robert J. Colvin , Kirsten Winter

User programs recover from hardware exceptions and respond to signals by executing custom handlers that they register specifically for such events. We present SIGY attack, which abuses this programming model on Intel SGX to break the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Supraja Sridhara , Andrin Bertschi , Benedict Schlüter , Shweta Shinde

Plenty of in-process vulnerabilities are blamed on various out of bound memory accesses. Previous prevention methods are mainly based on software checking associated with performance overhead, while traditional hardware protection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-11 Xiaojing Zhu , Mingyu Chen , Yangyang Zhao , Zonghui Hong , Yunge Guo

In this work we present the Secure Machine, SeM for short, a CPU architecture extension for secure computing. SeM uses a small amount of in-chip additional hardware that monitors key communication channels inside the CPU chip, and only acts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Ofir Shwartz , Yitzhak Birk

In-storage computing with modern solid-state drives (SSDs) enables developers to offload programs from the host to the SSD. It has been proven to be an effective approach to alleviating the I/O bottleneck. To facilitate in-storage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Yuqi Xue , Luyi Kang , Weiwei Jia , Xiaohao Wang , Jongryool Kim , Changhwan Youn , Myeong Joon Kang , Hyung Jin Lim , Bruce Jacob , Jian Huang