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As the quantification of metabolism, nonequilibrium steady states play a central role in living matter, but are beyond the purview of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Here we develop a fermionic theory of nonequilibrium steady states in…
The rates of chemical reactions are not absolute but their magnitude depends upon the relative speeds of the moving observers. This has been proved by unifying theories of chemical kinetics, which are transition state theory, collision…
A molecule traveling in a realistic propagation environment can experience stochastic interactions with other molecules and the environment boundary. The statistical behavior of some isolated phenomena, such as dilute unbounded molecular…
This paper discusses a restriction of quantum theory, in which very complex states would be excluded. The toy theory is phrased in the language of the circuit model for quantum computing, its key ingredient being a limitation on the number…
In this series of papers we shall carry out a reconsideration of the thermodynamical behavior of the called HMF model, a paradigmatic ferromagnetic toy model exhibiting many features of the real long-range interacting systems. This first…
In this article, we continue our investigation on the role of non-commutativity in quantum theory. Using the method explained in "On non-commutativity in quantum theory (I): from classical to quantum probability", we analyze two toy models…
Nuclear reaction rates determine the abundances of isotopes in stellar burning processes. A multitude of reactions determine the reaction flow pattern which is described in terms of reaction network simulations. The reaction rates are…
Learning to create, use, and evaluate models is a central element of becoming a scientist. In physics, we often begin an analysis of a complex system with highly simplified or toy models. In introductory physics classes, we tend to use them…
In an equilibrium chemical reaction mixture, the number of molecules present obeys a Poisson distribution. We ask when the same is true of the steady state of a nonequilibrium reaction network and obtain an essentially complete answer. In…
An heuristic model of the society, as an assembly of weakly interacting individuals, is discussed. The model allows to connect macroscopic phenomena with features of relations between individuals. Addressing to the problem of inequality, a…
Our knowledge about the "cold" Universe often relies on molecular spectra. A general property of such spectra is that the energy level populations are rarely at local thermodynamic equilibrium. Solving the radiative transfer thus requires…
Thermodynamic equilibrium can be sometimes reached at the interaction between metal and oxide melts in high temperature welding and metallurgical processes. Calculation of equilibrium phase composition is also one of the stages (along with…
Thermodynamics is a well developed tool to study systems in equilibrium but no such general framework is available for non-equilibrium processes. Only hope for a quantitative description is to fall back upon the equilibrium language as…
A geometrical model which captures the main ingredients governing atom-diatom collinear chemical reactions is proposed. This model is neither near-integrable nor hyperbolic, yet it is amenable to analysis using a combination of the recently…
A recently introduced particle-based model for fluid dynamics with continuous velocities is generalized to model fluids with excluded volume effects. This is achieved through the use of biased stochastic multi-particle collisions which…
The Fermi liquid theory may provide a good description of the thermodynamic properties of an interacting particle system when the interaction between the particles contributes to the total energy of the system with a quantity which may…
For a detailed understanding of chemical processes in nature and industry, we need accurate models of chemical reactions in complex environments. While Eyring transition state theory is commonly used for modeling chemical reactions, it is…
Patterns are ubiquitous in nature, but how they form is often unclear. Turing developed a seminal theory to explain patterns based on reactions that counteract the equalizing tendency of diffusion. These reactions require continuous energy…
Electron Transfer (ET) reactions are modeled by the dynamics of a quantum two-level system (representing the electronic state) coupled to a thermalized bath of classical harmonic oscillators (representing the nuclei degrees of freedom).…
The concept of basic chemical models is introduced, which is new from the standpoint of the physics of nonideal atomic plasma. This concept is based on the requirement of full conformity of the expression for free energy in the chemical…