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A polyhedron is flexible if it can be continuously deformed preserving the shape and dimensions of every its face. In the late 1970's Klaus Steffen constructed a sphere-homeomorphic embedded flexible polyhedron with triangular faces and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Victor Alexandrov , Evgenii Volokitin

When the number of non-triangular faces adjacent to a vertex $v$ is less than or equal to three, the vertex $v$ will be called (\emph{combinatorially}) \emph{rigid}. We study the number of rigid vertices and suggest a conjecture on a…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-16 Seonhwa Kim , Yunhi Cho

A surface is considered flexible if it allows a continuous deformation that preserves both metric and smoothness. We introduce a novel construction method, called 'base + crinkle,' for generating a broad class of non-self-intersecting…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Zeyuan He , Simon D. Guest

In view of solving problems of geometric realizability of polyhedra with given geometric constraints, we describe the space of geometric realizations of a simply-connected triangulated euclidean polyhedron in $\mathbb{R}^3$ up to similarity…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-03-10 Maria Hempel

The bellows conjecture claims that the volume of any flexible polyhedron of dimension 3 or higher is constant during the flexion. The bellows conjecture was proved for flexible polyhedra in the Euclidean spaces of dimensions 3 and higher,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-21 Alexander A. Gaifullin

Skeletal polyhedra and polygonal complexes in ordinary Euclidean 3-space are finite or infinite 3-periodic structures with interesting geometric, combinatorial, and algebraic properties. They can be viewed as finite or infinite 3-periodic…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-04 Egon Schulte

Across various scientific and engineering domains, a growing interest in flexible and deployable structures is becoming evident. These structures facilitate seamless transitions between distinct states of shape and find broad applicability…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-01-26 Yang Liu , Yi Ouyang , Dominik L. Michels

A framework, which is a (possibly infinite) graph with a realization of its vertices in the plane, is called flexible if it can be continuously deformed while preserving the edge lengths. We focus on flexibility of frameworks in which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-26 Georg Grasegger , Jan Legerský

Polyhedra are generically rigid, but can be made to flex under certain symmetry conditions. We generalise Raoul Bricard's 1897 method for making flexible octahedra to construct an infinite family of flexible polyhedra with…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Elvar Atlason , Simon Guest

In 1996 I.Kh. Sabitov proved that the volume of a simplicial polyhedron in a 3-dimensional Euclidean space is a root of certain polynomial with coefficients depending on the combinatorial type and on edge lengths of the polyhedron only.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-05-20 Alexander A. Gaifullin

We prove that, both in the hyperbolic and spherical 3-spaces, there exist nonconvex compact boundary-free polyhedral surfaces without selfintersections which admit nontrivial continuous deformations preserving all dihedral angles and study…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-09-10 Victor Alexandrov

We show the existence of families of periodic polyhedra in spaces of constant curvature whose fundamental domains can be obtained by attaching prisms and antiprisms to Archimedean solids. These polyhedra have constant discrete curvature and…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Christina Duffield , Daniel Freese , William Holt , Matthias Weber , Ramazan Yol

Two basic theorems of the theory of flexible polyhedra were proven by completely different methods: R. Alexander used analysis, namely, the Stokes theorem, to prove that the total mean curvature remains constant during the flex, while I.Kh.…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-02-22 Victor Alexandrov

We present two algorithms for unfolding the surface of any polyhedron, all of whose faces are triangles, to a nonoverlapping, connected planar layout. The surface is cut only along polyhedron edges. The layout is connected, but it may have…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-01-21 Erik D. Demaine , David Eppstein , Jeff Erickson , George W. Hart , Joseph O'Rourke

A spherical polyhedron surface is a triangulated surface obtained by isometric gluing of spherical triangles. For instance, the boundary of a generic convex polytope in the 3-sphere is a spherical polyhedron surface. This paper investigates…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Feng Luo

For flexibility of an octahedron we find necessary metric conditions in terms of edge lengths. These conditions yield a new description of Bricard's octahedra, suitable for solving some problems in metric geometry of octahedra, in…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Sergey Mikhalev

We discuss some recent results on flexible polyhedra and the bellows conjecture, which claims that the volume of any flexible polyhedron is constant during the flexion. Also, we survey main methods and several open problems in this area.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-05-31 Alexander A. Gaifullin

Kokotsakis studied the following problem in 1932: Given is a rigid closed polygonal line (planar or non-planar), which is surrounded by a polyhedral strip, where at each polygon vertex three faces meet. Determine the geometries of these…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Georg Nawratil

We prove two results about transforming any convex polyhedron, modeled as a linkage L of its edges. First, if we subdivide each edge of L in half, then L can be continuously flattened into a plane. Second, if L is equilateral and we again…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Markus Hecher , Rebecca Lin , Victor H. Luo , Chie Nara

We demonstrate the existence of four types of flexible prismatic polyhedra that can be derived or inferred from a consideration of Bricard octahedra and generalizations of Bricard octahedra. These flexible polyhedra are of genus 0 and 1,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-07-09 Gerald D. Nelson