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The manipulation of magnetization via Magnetic torques is one of the most important phenomena in spintronics. In thin films, conventionally, a charge current flowing in a heavy metal is used to generate transverse spin currents and to exert…

The spin-orbit interaction in heavy metal/ferromagnet/oxide structures has been extensively investigated because it can be employed in manipulation of the magnetization direction by in-plane current. This implies the existence of an inverse…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-06 Soonha Cho , Seung-heon Chris Baek , Younghun Jo , Byong-Guk Park

Current-induced spin torques are of great interest to manipulate the orientation of nanomagnets without applying external magnetic fields. They find direct application in non-volatile data storage and logic devices, and provide insight into…

We demonstrate deterministic, field-free magnetization reversal of a single-domain nanomagnet within 300 ps under a current density of $3 \times 10^{10}~\mathrm{A/m^2}$ by coupling reinforcement learning (RL) to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Yuta Igarashi , Junji Fujimoto

Spin orbit torques (SOT) are used to manipulate magnetization of ferromagnets in heavy metal / ferromagnetic bilayers and thus are technologically relevant from magnetization switching perspective. This necessitates development of methods…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Akanksha Chouhan , Abhishek Erram , Ashwin A. Tulapurkar

Current induced magnetization switching by spin-orbit torques offers an energy-efficient means of writing information in heavy metal/ferromagnet (FM) multilayer systems. The relative contributions of field-like torques and damping-like…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-10-12 Meiyin Yang , Kaiming Cai , Hailang Ju , Kevin William Edmonds , Guang Yang , Shuai Liu , Baohe Li , Bao Zhang , Yu Sheng , Shouguo Wang , Yang Ji , Kaiyou Wang

Substantial understanding of spin-orbit interactions in heavy-metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM) heterostructures is crucial in developing spin-orbit torque (SOT) spintronics devices utilizing spin Hall and Rashba effects. Though the study of SOT…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-09-13 Christian Engel , Sarjoosing Goolaup , Feilong Luo , Wen Siang Lew

Current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are of interest for fast and energy-efficient manipulation of magnetic order in spintronic devices. To be deterministic, however, switching of perpendicularly magnetized materials by SOT requires a…

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced magnetisation switching in CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB trilayer with two CoFeB layers exhibiting in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IPMA) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is investigated. Interlayer exchange…

Application of sufficient lateral current to a heavy metal (HM) can switch the perpendicular magnetization orientation of adjacent ferromagnetic layer (FM) through spin-orbit torques (SOTs). The choice of the HM and its arrangement plays a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 Raghvendra Posti , Abhishek Kumar , Dhananjay Tiwari , Debangsu Roy

Electric-field manipulation of magnetic order has proved of both fundamental and technological importance in spintronic devices. So far, electric-field control of ferromagnetism, magnetization and magnetic anisotropy has been explored in…

We demonstrate the current-induced complete magnetization reversal of the free layer in lateral nanowires patterned from metallic pseudo spin valve stacks. The reversal is induced by Oersted fields in conjunction with a dipolar coupling via…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-02-24 J. Kleinlein , G. Schmidt

In this study, the spin-orbit torque (SOT) in light metal oxide systems is investigated using an experimental approach based on harmonic Hall voltage techniques in out-of-plane (OOP) angular geometry for samples with in-plane magnetic…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-03 Y. Xu , B. Bony , S. Krishnia , R. Torrão Victor , S. Collin , A. Fert , J. -M. George , V. Cros , H. Jaffrès

Averaged observations of physical phenomena have been utilized for comprehending specific occurrences in nature; however, these may overlook the crucial characteristics of individual events, thereby leading to diverse conclusions. For…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-07-08 Minhwan Kim , Duck-Ho Kim

Spin-orbit torque (SOT) created by a spin current injected into a ferromagnet by an adjacent heavy metal represents an efficient tool for the excitation and manipulation of spin waves. Here we report the micromagnetic simulations describing…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Andrei I. Nikitchenko , Nikolay A. Pertsev

Spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) is a promising technology for the next generation of data storage devices. The main bottleneck of this technology is the high reversal current density threshold. This outstanding…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-25 Yin Zhang , H. Y. Yuan , X. S. Wang , X. R. Wang

Materials with spin-orbit coupling are of great interest for various spintronics applications due to the efficient electrical generation and detection of spin-polarized electrons. Over the past decade, many materials have been studied,…

We achieve current-induced switching in collinear insulating antiferromagnetic CoO/Pt, with fourfold in-plane magnetic anisotropy. This is measured electrically by spin Hall magnetoresistance and confirmed by the magnetic field-induced…

We experimentally investigate the current-induced magnetization reversal in Pt/[Co/Ni]$_3$/Al multilayers combining the anomalous Hall effect and magneto-optical Kerr effect techniques in crossbar geometry. The magnetization reversal occurs…

Increasing dampinglike spin-orbit torque (SOT) is both of fundamental importance for enabling new research into spintronics phenomena and also technologically urgent for advancing low-power spin-torque memory, logic, and oscillator devices.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-06-12 Lijun Zhu , Lujun Zhu , Shengjie Shi , Manling Sui , D. C. Ralph , R. A. Buhrman