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We present a strongly exponential lower bound that applies both to the subset synchronization threshold for binary deterministic automata and to the careful synchronization threshold for binary partial automata. In the later form, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Vojtěch Vorel

Jumping automata are finite automata that read their input in a non-sequential manner, by allowing a reading head to ``jump'' between positions on the input, consuming a permutation of the input word. We argue that allowing the head to jump…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Shaull Almagor , Neta Dafni , Ishai Salgado

We investigate means of efficient computation of the simulation relation over symbolic finite automata (SFAs), i.e., finite automata with transitions labeled by predicates over alphabet symbols. In one approach, we build on the algorithm by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Lukáš Holík , Ondřej Lengál , Juraj Síč , Margus Veanes , Tomáš Vojnar

This paper situates itself in the theory of variable length codes and of finite automata where the concepts of completeness and synchronization play a central role. In this theoretical setting, we investigate the problem of finding upper…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Arturo Carpi , Flavio D'Alessandro

In the constrained synchronization problem we ask if a given automaton admits a synchronizing word coming from a fixed regular constraint language. We show that intersecting a given constraint language with an ideal language decreases the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Stefan Hoffmann

A goal of this paper is to introduce the new construction of an automaton with shortest synchronizing word of length $O(d^{\frac{n}{d}})$, where $d \in \mathbb{N}$ and $n$ is the number of states for that automaton. Additionally we…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Jakub Ruszil

This paper studies the complexity of operations on finite automata and the complexity of their decision problems when the alphabet is unary. Let $n$ denote the maximum of the number of states of the input finite automata considered in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Wojciech Czerwiński , Maciej Dębski , Tomasz Gogasz , Gordon Hoi , Sanjay Jain , Michał Skrzypczak , Frank Stephan , Christopher Tan

Semiautomata form a rich class of sequence-processing algorithms with applications in natural language processing, robotics, computational biology, and data mining. We establish the first Statistical Query hardness result for semiautomata…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis , Eshaan Nichani , Jason D. Lee

It is known that 2-state binary and 3-state unary probabilistic finite automata and 2-state unary quantum finite automata recognize uncountably many languages with cutpoints. These results have been obtained by associating each recognized…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aleksejs Naumovs , Maksims Dimitrijevs , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

We present counting reward automata-a finite state machine variant capable of modelling any reward function expressible as a formal language. Unlike previous approaches, which are limited to the expression of tasks as regular languages, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Tristan Bester , Benjamin Rosman , Steven James , Geraud Nangue Tasse

We show that a well-known family of deterministic finite automata can be used to distinguish distinct binary strings of the same length from every start state. Further, we establish almost matching lower and upper bounds on the number of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Nicholas Tran

A word $s$ of letters on edges of underlying graph $\Gamma$ of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is called synchronizing if $s$ sends all states of the automaton to a unique state. J. \v{C}erny discovered in 1964 a sequence of $n$-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-15 A. N. Trahtman

Counter automata are more powerful versions of finite-state automata where addition and subtraction operations are permitted on a set of n integer registers, called counters. We show that the word problem of $\Z^n$ is accepted by a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sean Cleary , Murray Elder , Gretchen Ostheimer

An automaton is monotonic if its states can be arranged in a linear order that is preserved by the action of every letter. We prove that the problem of deciding whether a given automaton is monotonic is NP-complete. The same result is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Marek Szykuła

Patients with motor control difficulties often "type" on a computer using a switch keyboard to guide a scanning cursor to text elements. We show how to optimize some parts of the design of switch keyboards by casting the design problem as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Xiao Zhang , Kan Fang , Gregory Francis

We introduce the notion of adaptive synchronisation for pushdown automata, in which there is an external observer who has no knowledge about the current state of the pushdown automaton, but can observe the contents of the stack. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 A. R. Balasubramanian , K. S. Thejaswini

A complete deterministic finite (semi)automaton (DFA) with a set of states $Q$ is \emph{completely reachable} if every nonempty subset of $Q$ is the image of the action of some word applied to $Q$. The concept of completely reachable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Robert Ferens , Marek Szykuła

We present a new series of examples of binary slowly synchronizing automata with sink state. The reset threshold of the $n$-state automaton in this series is $\frac{n^2}{4}+2n-9$. This improves on the previously known lower bound for the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-30 Dmitry Ananichev

Recently, an infinite hierarchy of languages accepted by stateless deterministic pushdown automata has been established based on the number of pushdown symbols. However, the witness language for the n-th level of the hierarchy is over an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-08-27 Tomáš Masopust

We exhibit the construction of a deterministic automaton that, given k > 0, recognizes the (regular) language of k-differentiable words. Our approach follows a scheme of Crochemore et al. based on minimal forbidden words. We extend this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Jean-Marc Fédou , Gabriele Fici
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