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Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) remains a challenging problem to date, largely due to the varying writing styles that exist amongst us. Prior works however generally operate with the assumption that there is a limited number of styles,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Ayan Kumar Bhunia , Shuvozit Ghose , Amandeep Kumar , Pinaki Nath Chowdhury , Aneeshan Sain , Yi-Zhe Song

Offline Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems play a crucial role in applications such as historical document digitization, automatic form processing, and biometric authentication. However, their performance is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yassin Hussein Rassul , Aram M. Ahmed , Polla Fattah , Bryar A. Hassan , Arwaa W. Abdulkareem , Tarik A. Rashid , Joan Lu

Automatic evaluation of essay (AES) and also called automatic essay scoring has become a severe problem due to the rise of online learning and evaluation platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, Khan academy, and so on. Researchers have recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Tsegaye Misikir Tashu , Chandresh Kumar Maurya , Tomas Horvath

Deep Learning (DL) , a variant of the neural network algorithms originally proposed in the 1980s, has made surprising progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI), ranging from language translation, protein folding, autonomous cars, and more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Stephen Josè Hanson , Vivek Yadav , Catherine Hanson

The rapid development of large language models has led to an increase in AI-generated text, with students increasingly using LLM-generated content as their own work, which violates academic integrity. This paper presents an evaluation of AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Adilkhan Alikhanov , Aidar Amangeldi , Diar Demeubay , Dilnaz Akhmetzhan , Nurbek Moldakhmetov , Omar Polat , Galymzhan Zharas

Recognition of Arabic characters is essential for natural language processing and computer vision fields. The need to recognize and classify the handwritten Arabic letters and characters are essentially required. In this paper, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Mahmoud Shams , Amira. A. Elsonbaty , Wael. Z. ElSawy

Handwriting recognition has seen significant success with the use of deep learning. However, a persistent shortcoming of neural networks is that they are not well-equipped to deal with shifting data distributions. In the field of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Tobias van der Werff , Maruf A. Dhali , Lambert Schomaker

This study presents a hybrid model for classifying handwritten digits in the MNIST dataset, combining convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a multi-well Hopfield network. The approach employs a CNN to extract high-dimensional features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Ahmed Farooq

Recently, a vast number of image generation models have been proposed, which raises concerns regarding the misuse of these artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for generating fake images. To attribute the AI-generated images, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jialiang Li , Haoyue Wang , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

We proposed a~new accurate aspect extraction method that makes use of both word and character-based embeddings. We have conducted experiments of various models of aspect extraction using LSTM and BiLSTM including CRF enhancement on five…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Łukasz Augustyniak , Tomasz Kajdanowicz , Przemysław Kazienko

It is well known that fraudulent reviews cast doubt on the legitimacy and dependability of online purchases. The most recent development that leads customers towards darkness is the appearance of human reviews in computer-generated (CG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Shabbir Anees , Anshuman , Ayush Chaurasia , Prathmesh Bogar

Artificial Text Detection (ATD) is becoming increasingly important with the rise of advanced Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite numerous efforts, no single algorithm performs consistently well across different types of unseen text or…

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically involves either full fine-tuning, which updates all model parameters, or Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), which adjusts a small subset of parameters. However, both approaches have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shaocong Ma , Peiran Yu , Heng Huang

Federated learning is a promising machine learning technique that enables multiple clients to collaboratively build a model without revealing the raw data to each other. Among various types of federated learning methods, horizontal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Junki Mori , Isamu Teranishi , Ryo Furukawa

The proliferation of sophisticated deepfake technology poses significant challenges to digital security and authenticity. Detecting these forgeries, especially across a wide spectrum of manipulation techniques, requires robust and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Kohou Wang , Huan Hu , Xiang Liu , Zezhou Chen , Ping Chen , Zhaoxiang Liu , Shiguo Lian

Optical Coherence Tomography allows ophthalmologist to obtain cross-section imaging of eye retina. Assisted with digital image analysis methods, effective disease detection could be performed. Various methods exist to extract feature from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Kuntoro Adi Nugroho

This paper proposes a novel face recognition algorithm based on large-scale supervised hierarchical feature learning. The approach consists of two parts: hierarchical feature learning and large-scale model learning. The hierarchical feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Jianguo Li , Yurong Chen

Handwritten document image binarization is challenging due to high variability in the written content and complex background attributes such as page style, paper quality, stains, shadow gradients, and non-uniform illumination. While the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Kaustubh Sadekar , Ashish Tiwari , Prajwal Singh , Shanmuganathan Raman

Self-supervised learning has recently emerged as a strong alternative in document analysis. These approaches are now capable of learning high-quality image representations and overcoming the limitations of supervised methods, which require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Marwa Dhiaf , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Kai Wang , Yuyang Liu , Yousri Kessentini , Alicia Fornés , Ahmed Cheikh Rouhou

To prevent misinformation and social issues arising from trustworthy-looking content generated by LLMs, it is crucial to develop efficient and reliable methods for identifying the source of texts. Previous approaches have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Fangqi Dai , Xingjian Jiang , Zizhuang Deng