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Microlensing offers a unique opportunity to probe exoplanets that are temperate and beyond the snow line, as small as Jovian satellites, at extragalactic distance, and even free floating exoplanets, regimes where the sensitivity of other…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-13 Chien-Hsiu Lee , Rachel Street , Kailash Sahu , Eliad Peretz

The amount and distribution of heavy elements in Jupiter gives indications on the process of its formation and evolution. Core mass and metallicity predictions however depend on the equations of state used, and on model assumptions. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-05-04 Nadine Nettelmann , Andreas Becker , Bastian Holst , Ronald Redmer

We study quasi-static atmospheres of accreting protoplanetary cores for different opacity behaviors and realistic planetesimal accretion rates in various parts of protoplanetary nebula. Atmospheres segregate into those having outer…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Roman Rafikov

There is growing observational and theoretical evidence suggesting that atmospheric escape is a key driver of planetary evolution. Commonly, planetary evolution models employ simple analytic formulae (e.g., energy limited escape) that are…

We employ planetary evolution modeling to reproduce the MR distribution of the 198 so far detected planets with mass and radius measured to the <45% and <15% level, respectively, and less massive than 108Me. We simultaneously account for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-28 Daria Kubyshkina , Luca Fossati

We present a new first-principles analytic approach to interpreting eclipses and phase curves of rocky planets. Observations with JWST have reported nondetections of atmospheres around the majority of hot rocky planets orbiting M dwarfs.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-29 Christopher P. Wirth , Diana Powell , Robin Wordsworth

Atmospheric mass-loss is known to play a leading role in sculpting the demographics of small, close-in exoplanets. Knowledge of how such planets evolve allows one to ``rewind the clock'' to infer the conditions in which they formed. Here,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 James G. Rogers , Clàudia Janó Muñoz , James E. Owen , T. Lucas Makinen

To aid in the physical interpretation of planetary radii constrained through observations of transiting planets, or eventually direct detections, we compute model radii of pure hydrogen-helium, water, rock, and iron planets, along with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 Jonathan J. Fortney , Mark S. Marley , Jason W. Barnes

The multi planet system HR8799 is the first target observed with MIRI's coronagraphs as part of the MIRI-EC Guaranteed Time Observations exoplanets programme in Nov. 2022. We obtained deep observations in three coronagraphic filters from 10…

Space missions (CHEOPS, JWST, PLATO) facilitate detailed characterization of exoplanets. This work provides a framework to characterize cloud and climate properties of close-in gas giants via transit depth asymmetries from the optical to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-08 Ludmila Carone , Christiane Helling , Sebastian Gernjak , Hanna Leitner , Tamara Janz

Multi-wavelength transit and secondary-eclipse light-curve observations are some of the most powerful techniques to probe the thermo-chemical properties of exoplanets. Although the large planet-to-star brightness contrast and few available…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-06 Patricio E. Cubillos

The key to understanding an extrasolar giant planet's spectrum--and hence its detectability and evolution--lies with its atmosphere. Now that direct observations of thermal emission from extrasolar giant planets are in hand, atmosphere…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Mark S. Marley , Jonathan Fortney , Sara Seager , Travis Barman

We present high-precision chemical abundances for 25 FGK-type stars hosting exoplanets observed in JWST Cycle 3 programs and all GTO and DDT programs from Cycles 1-3, based on high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio optical spectra from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-19 Qinghui Sun , Xianyu Tan , Gordon , Yip , Zitao Lin , Fan Liu , Sharon Xuesong Wang , Zhengduo Li

The recently renewed interest in a possible additional major body in the outer solar system prompted us to study the thermodynamic evolution of such an object. We assumed that it is a smaller version of Uranus and Neptune. We modeled the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-27 Esther F. Linder , Christoph Mordasini

Precise atmospheric observations have been made for a growing sample of warm Neptunes. Here we investigate the correlations between these observations and a large number of system parameters to show that, at 95% confidence, the amplitude of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-13 Ian J. M. Crossfield , Laura Kreidberg

The formation of giant planets is best studied through direct imaging by observing planets both during and after formation. Giant planets are expected to form either by core accretion, which is typically associated with low initial entropy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-04 A. L. Wallace , M. J. Ireland , C. Federrath

Atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets has thus far been limited to ground-based observations of young, self-luminous, Jovian planets. Near-term space- and ground- based facilities like \emph{WFIRST} and ELTs will be able…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-26 Natasha E. Batalha , Adam J. R. W. Smith , Nikole K. Lewis , Mark S. Marley , Jonathan J. Fortney , Bruce Macintosh

TESS is expected to discover dozens of temperate terrestrial planets orbiting M dwarfs whose atmospheres could be followed up with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Currently, the TRAPPIST-1 system serves as a benchmark to determine…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-18 Natasha E. Batalha , Nikole K. Lewis , Michael R. Line , Jeff Valenti , Kevin Stevenson

We present 230 realizations of a numerical model of planet formation in systems without gas giants. These represent a scenario in which protoplanets grow in a region of a circumstellar disk where water ice condenses (the "ice line''), but…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Andrew W. Mann , Eric Gaidos , B. Scott Gaudi

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is expected to revolutionize the field of exoplanets. The broad wavelength coverage and the high sensitivity of its instruments will allow characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres with unprecedented…

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