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Related papers: Evolutionary models of cold and low-mass planets: …

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We build on recent new evolutionary models of Jupiter and Saturn and here extend our calculations to investigate the evolution of extrasolar giant planets of mass 0.15 to 3.0 M_J. Our inhomogeneous thermal history models show that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jonathan J. Fortney , W. B. Hubbard

The formation history of giant planets determines their primordial structure and consequent evolution. We simulate various formation paths of Jupiter to determine its primordial entropy, and find that a common outcome is for proto-Jupiter…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 Andrew Cumming , Ravit Helled , Julia Venturini

The thermal evolution and interior structure of giant exoplanets are sensitive to the treatment of radiative opacity. At temperatures of ~2000 K, depletion of alkali metals can create a window of reduced opacity, potentially giving rise to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-27 Simon Müller , Ravit Helled

More than two dozen short-period Jupiter-mass gas giant planets have been discovered around nearby solar-type stars in recent years, several of which undergo transits, making them ideal for the detection and characterization of their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ian Dobbs-Dixon , D. N. C. Lin

The upcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will dramatically increase our understanding of exoplanets, particularly through direct imaging. Microlensing and radial velocity surveys indicate that some M-dwarfs host long…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Jonathan Brande , Thomas Barclay , Joshua E. Schlieder , Eric D. Lopez , Elisa V. Quintana

With JWST, we are directly imaging cold (~200-300K), solar-age giant exoplanets for the first time. At these temperatures many molecular features appear and water-ice clouds may condense and affect the emission spectrum; early photometric…

The newly detected Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of Proxima Centauri could potentially host life - if it has an atmosphere that supports surface liquid water. We show that thermal phase curve observations with the James Webb Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-23 Laura Kreidberg , Abraham Loeb

We investigate the potential for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to detect and characterize the atmospheres of the sub-Neptunian exoplanets in the TOI-270 system. Sub-Neptunes are considered more likely to be water worlds than gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-13 J. Chouqar , Z. Benkhaldoun , A. Jabiri , J. Lustig-Yaeger , A. Soubkiou , A. Szentgyorgyi

Population studies of exoplanets are key to unlocking their statistical properties. So far the inferred properties have been mostly limited to planetary, orbital and stellar parameters extracted from, e.g., Kepler, radial velocity, and GAIA…

Many evolutionary models of giant exoplanets still rely on simplifying assumptions that are no longer adequate given detailed constraints from Jupiter, Saturn, and modern exoplanet observations. Here, we identify the key physical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-29 Ankan Sur , Roberto Tejada Arevalo , Adam Burrows , Yi-Xian Chen

Sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets represent one of the most common types of planets in the Milky Way, yet many of their properties are unknown. Here, we present a prescription to adapt the capabilities of the stellar evolution toolkit Modules…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-15 Howard Chen , Leslie A. Rogers

High-precision exoplanet eclipse light curves, like those possible with JWST, enable flux and temperature mapping of exoplanet atmospheres. These eclipse maps will have unprecedented precision, providing an opportunity to constrain current…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-12 Ryan C. Challener , Emily Rauscher

Sub-Neptune planets, with sizes and masses between those of Earth and Neptune, dominate the exoplanet population. Sub-Neptunes are expected to be the most diverse family of the exoplanet population, potentially including rocky gas dwarfs,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-24 Nikku Madhusudhan , Måns Holmberg , Savvas Constantinou , Gregory J. Cooke

We demonstrate that the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) can detect infrared (IR) excess from the blended light spectral energy distribution of spatially unresolved terrestrial exoplanets orbiting nearby white dwarfs. We find that JWST is…

The long-term evolution of hydrogen-dominated atmospheres of sub-Neptune-like planets is mostly controlled by two factors: a slow dissipation of the gravitational energy acquired at the formation (known as thermal evolution) and atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-14 Daria Kubyshkina , Aline A. Vidotto , Luca Fossati , Eoin Farrell

Recent ground- and space-based surveys have shown that planets between Earth and Neptune in size, known as "super-Earths," are among the most frequently found planets in the Galaxy. Although the JWST era has provided high-quality…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-20 Chandan K. Sahu , Liton Majumdar , Sudipta Mridha , Harshit Krishna

Low-mass or dwarf galaxies (M$_{\ast}<10^{9}$ M${\odot}$) are abundant in the Universe, yet their formation and evolution remain poorly understood. Their enhanced sensitivity to feedback from star formation and active galactic nuclei (AGN)…

We present the first models of Saturn and Jupiter to couple their evolution to both a radiative-atmosphere grid and to high-pressure phase diagrams of hydrogen with helium. The purpose of these models is to quantify the evolutionary effects…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jonathan J. Fortney , W. B. Hubbard

Detecting and characterizing the atmospheres of rocky exoplanets has proven to be challenging for JWST. Transit spectroscopy of the TRAPPIST-1 planets has been impacted by the effects of spots and faculae on the host star. Secondary…