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Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have enabled the creation of immersive learning environments that provide engineering students with hands-on, interactive experiences. This paper presents a novel framework for virtual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Rafael Padilla , Özgür Keleş

Threats targeting cyberspace are becoming more prominent and intelligent day by day. This inherently leads to a dire demand for continuous security validation and testing. Using this paper, we aim to provide a holistic and precise security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Hardik Manocha , Akash Srivastava , Chetan Verma , Ratan Gupta , Bhavya Bansal

Virtual environments (VEs) are making their way into various sectors of life to enhance and support human activity, including learning. VEs have been used in various contexts for training, and in many cases they are designed to model or…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Marko Teräs , Hanna Teräs , Torsten Reiners

While advanced machine learning (ML) models are deployed in numerous real-world applications, previous works demonstrate these models have security and privacy vulnerabilities. Various empirical research has been done in this field.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Boyang Zhang , Zheng Li , Ziqing Yang , Xinlei He , Michael Backes , Mario Fritz , Yang Zhang

Social Virtual Reality (VR) platforms provide immersive social experiences but also expose users to serious risks of online harassment. Existing safety measures are largely reactive, while proactive solutions that detect harassment behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Junhee Lee , Minseok Kim , Hwanjo Heo , Seungwon Woo , Jinwoo Kim

Pedestrian safety at midblock crossings is a critical concern in mixed traffic environments where autonomous vehicles (AVs) and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) share the road. Pedestrians often infer intent from vehicle motion in AV…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-02 Rulla Al-Haideri , Bilal Farooq , Elisabetta Cherchi

Technological advances can bring many benefits to our daily lives, and this includes the education and training sectors. In the last years, online education, teaching and training models are becoming increasingly adopted, in part influenced…

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies offer immersive experiences but collect substantial user data. While deceptive design is well-studied in 2D platforms, little is known about its manifestation in VR environments and its impact on user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Hilda Hadan , Michaela Valiquette , Lennart E. Nacke , Leah Zhang-Kennedy

With the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques in complex fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent manufacturing, and smart healthcare, how to improve its security and robustness in dynamic and changeable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wu Yichao , Wang Yirui , Ding Panpan , Wang Hailong , Zhu Bingqian , Liu Chun

Unmanaged hazards in dangerous construction environments proved to be one of the main sources of injuries and accidents. Hazard recognition is crucial to achieve effective safety management and reduce injuries and fatalities in hazardous…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Mojtaba Noghabaei , Kevin Han

Attack trees are considered a useful tool for security modelling because they support qualitative as well as quantitative analysis. The quantitative approach is based on values associated to each node in the tree, expressing, for instance,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Ahto Buldas , Olga Gadyatskaya , Aleksandr Lenin , Sjouke Mauw , Rolando Trujillo-Rasua

The need to generate a spider to provoke a desired anxiety response arises in the context of personalized virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET), a treatment approach for arachnophobia. This treatment involves patients observing virtual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Athar Mahmoudi-Nejad , Matthew Guzdial , Pierre Boulanger

Safe exploration is critical for using reinforcement learning (RL) in risk-sensitive environments. Recent work learns risk measures which measure the probability of violating constraints, which can then be used to enable safety. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Michael Luo , Ashwin Balakrishna , Brijen Thananjeyan , Suraj Nair , Julian Ibarz , Jie Tan , Chelsea Finn , Ion Stoica , Ken Goldberg

Machine learning models often pose a threat to the privacy of individuals whose data is part of the training set. Several recent attacks have been able to infer sensitive information from trained models, including model inversion or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Abigail Goldsteen , Gilad Ezov , Ariel Farkash

Security metrics serve as a powerful tool for organizations to understand the effectiveness of protecting computer networks. However majority of these measurement techniques don't adequately help corporations to make informed risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-14 Subil Abraham , Suku Nair

We propose a holistic methodology for designing automotivesystems that consider security a central concern at every design stage.During the concept design, we model the system architecture and definethe security attributes of its…

Virtual reality (VR) apps can harvest a wider range of user data than web/mobile apps running on personal computers or smartphones. Existing law and privacy regulations emphasize that VR developers should inform users of what data are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yuxia Zhan , Yan Meng , Lu Zhou , Yichang Xiong , Xiaokuan Zhang , Lichuan Ma , Guoxing Chen , Qingqi Pei , Haojin Zhu

Adaptive Virtual Reality (VR) systems have the potential to enhance training and learning experiences by dynamically responding to users' cognitive states. This research investigates how eye tracking and heart rate variability (HRV) can be…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Mahsa Nasri

Virtual Reality (VR) has witnessed a rising issue of harassment, prompting the integration of safety controls like muting and blocking in VR applications. However, the lack of standardized safety measures across VR applications hinders…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Abhinaya S. B. , Aafaq Sabir , Anupam Das

Groundbreaking successes have been achieved by Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in solving practical decision-making problems. Robotics, in particular, can involve high-cost hardware and human interactions. Hence, scrupulous evaluations of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Davide Corsi , Enrico Marchesini , Alessandro Farinelli