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Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Ashe Miller , Corey Ostrove , Jordan Hines , Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young , Timothy Proctor

We present a robust shadow estimation protocol for wide classes of low-depth measurement circuits that mitigates noise as long as the effective measurement map including noise is locally unitarily invariant. This is in practice an excellent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Renato M. S. Farias , Raghavendra D. Peddinti , Ingo Roth , Leandro Aolita

The quantum kernel method, a promising quantum machine learning algorithm, possesses substantial potential for demonstrating quantum advantage. Although the majority of the quantum kernel is constructed in the context of gate-based quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Hsiang-Wei Huang , Shen-Liang Yang , Chuan-Chi Huang , Yueh-Nan Chen , Hong-Bin Chen

Benchmarking of noise that is induced during the implementation of quantum gates is the main concern for practical quantum computers. Several protocols have been proposed that empirically calculate various metrics that quantify the error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-30 Adarsh Chandrashekar , Soumya Das , Goutam Paul

Leakage errors are unwanted transfer of population outside of a defined computational subspace and they occur in almost every platform for quantum computing. While prevalent, leakage is often overlooked when measuring and reporting the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Yi-Hsiang Chen , Charles H. Baldwin

We propose a hybrid protocol to classify quantum noises using supervised classical machine learning models and simple quantum key distribution protocols. We consider the quantum bit error rates (QBERs) generated in QKD schemes under…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Shreya Banerjee , Ashmi A. , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

We present a novel method for simulating the noisy behaviour of quantum computers, which allows to efficiently incorporate environmental effects in the driven evolution implementing the gates acting on the qubits. We show how to modify the…

Quantum computers promise to solve certain problems more efficiently than their digital counterparts. A major challenge towards practically useful quantum computing is characterizing and reducing the various errors that accumulate during an…

We give three new algorithms for efficient in-place estimation, without using ancilla qubits, of average fidelity of a quantum logic gate acting on a d-dimensional system using much fewer random bits than what was known so far. Previous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-23 Aditya Nema , Pranab Sen

Building upon the demonstration of coherent control and single-shot readout of the electron and nuclear spins of individual 31-P atoms in silicon, we present here a systematic experimental estimate of quantum gate fidelities using…

Random number generators play an essential role in cryptography and key distribution. It is thus important to verify whether the random numbers generated from these devices are genuine and unpredictable by any adversary. Recently, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-07 Shubhayan Sarkar

Current development in programmable analogue quantum simulators (AQS), whose physical implementation can be realised in the near-term compared to those of large-scale digital quantum computers, highlights the need for robust testing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-10 Ellen Derbyshire , Jorge Yago Malo , Andrew Daley , Elham Kashefi , Petros Wallden

In this work, we aim at augmenting the decisions output by quantum models with "error bars" that provide finite-sample coverage guarantees. Quantum models implement implicit probabilistic predictors that produce multiple random decisions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-24 Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone

An important step in building a quantum computer is calibrating experimentally implemented quantum gates to produce operations that are close to ideal unitaries. The calibration step involves estimating the systematic errors in gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-22 Shelby Kimmel , Guang Hao Low , Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum computers are expected to contribute more efficient and accurate ways of modeling economic processes. Quantum hardware is currently available at a relatively small scale, but effective algorithms are limited by the number of logic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Dominic Widdows , Amit Bhattacharyya

The conventional circuit paradigm, utilizing a limited number of gates to construct arbitrary quantum circuits, is hindered by significant noise overhead. For instance, the standard gate paradigm employs two CNOT gates for the partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-04 Jader P. Santos , Ben Bar , Raam Uzdin

We introduce binary randomized benchmarking (BiRB), a protocol that streamlines traditional RB by using circuits consisting almost entirely of i.i.d. layers of gates. BiRB reliably and efficiently extracts the average error rate of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-20 Jordan Hines , Daniel Hothem , Robin Blume-Kohout , Birgitta Whaley , Timothy Proctor

The success probability of a quantum algorithm constructed from noisy quantum gates cannot be accurately predicted from single parameter metrics that compare noisy and ideal gates. We illustrate this concept by examining a system with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Daniel C. Murphy , Kenneth R. Brown

We report the first complete characterization of single-qubit and two-qubit gate fidelities in silicon-based spin qubits, including cross-talk and error correlations between the two qubits. To do so, we use a combination of standard…

We show how to perform measurement-based quantum computing on qudits (high-dimensional quantum systems) using alternative resource states beyond the cluster state. Estimating overheads for gate decomposition, we find that generalizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Alena Romanova , Wolfgang Dür