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Related papers: Semi-Device Independent Quantum Money

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The no-cloning theorem can be used as a basis for quantum money constructions which guarantee unconditionally unforgeable currency. Existing schemes, however, either (i) require long-term quantum memory and quantum communication between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Dmytro Gavinsky , Dar Gilboa , Siddhartha Jain , Dmitri Maslov , Jarrod R. McClean

By testing nonlocality, the security of entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) can be enhanced to being 'device-independent'. Here we ask whether such a strong form of security could also be established for one-way (prepare and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-18 Marcin Pawlowski , Nicolas Brunner

We present a quantum token scheme in which the token is a quantum state that ensures secure authentication or payment. In our approach, rooted in Wiesner's quantum money concept, a token is encoded in a multi-qubit state generated by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yannick Strocka , Mohamed Belhassen , Tim Schröder , Gregor Pieplow

A central tenet of theoretical cryptography is the study of the minimal assumptions required to implement a given cryptographic primitive. One such primitive is the one-time memory (OTM), introduced by Goldwasser, Kalai, and Rothblum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-14 Anne Broadbent , Sevag Gharibian , Hong-Sheng Zhou

While classical money can be copied, it is impossible to copy quantum money in principle, with only the bank that issues it knowing how to generate it, meaning only the bank can make exact copies. Not all reliable banks, such as central…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Yuichi Sano

Digital currencies primarily operate online, but there is growing interest in enabling offline transactions to improve digital inclusion. Existing offline methods struggle with double-spending risks, often limiting transaction amounts. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-26 Yichi Zhang , Siyuan Jin , Yuhan Huang , Qiming Shao

Quantum key distribution, which allows two distant parties to share an unconditionally secure cryptographic key, promises to play an important role in the future of communication. For this reason such technique has attracted many…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way for two distant parties to establish a common secret key, which then can be used in a classical cryptographic scheme. Using quantum entanglement, one can reduce the necessary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-10 E. A. Aguilar , R. Ramanathan , J. Kofler , M. Pawlowski

There had been well known claims of unconditionally secure quantum protocols for bit commitment. However, we, and independently Mayers, showed that all proposed quantum bit commitment schemes are, in principle, insecure because the sender,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 H. -K. Lo , H. F. Chau

We propose the concept of pseudorandom states and study their constructions, properties, and applications. Under the assumption that quantum-secure one-way functions exist, we present concrete and efficient constructions of pseudorandom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Zhengfeng Ji , Yi-Kai Liu , Fang Song

In this work we present a publicly verifiable quantum money protocol which assumes close to no quantum computational capabilities. We rely on one-time memories which in turn can be built from quantum conjugate coding and hardware-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Fabrizio Genovese , Lev Stambler

Publicly verifiable quantum money is a protocol for the preparation of quantum states that can be efficiently verified by any party for authenticity but is computationally infeasible to counterfeit. We develop a cryptographic scheme for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-01 Andrey Boris Khesin , Jonathan Z. Lu , Peter W. Shor

It had been widely claimed that quantum mechanics can protect private information during public decision in for example the so-called two-party secure computation. If this were the case, quantum smart-cards could prevent fake teller…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution, first proposed by Bennett and Brassard, provides a possible key distribution scheme whose security depends only on the quantum laws of physics. So far the protocol has been proved secure even under channel noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dominic Mayers , Andrew Yao

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) provides the gold standard for secure key exchange. Not only it allows for information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but it relaxes the need to physically model the…

We introduce a private quantum money scheme with the note verification procedure based on Sampling Matching, a problem in the one-way communication complexity model introduced by Kumar et al.[Nature Communications 10, Article number: 4152].…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-22 Niraj Kumar

Cryptographic key exchange protocols traditionally rely on computational conjectures such as the hardness of prime factorisation to provide security against eavesdropping attacks. Remarkably, quantum key distribution protocols like the one…

We present a family of quantum money schemes with classical verification which display a number of benefits over previous proposals. Our schemes are based on hidden matching quantum retrieval games and they tolerate noise up to 23%, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-05 Ryan Amiri , Juan Miguel Arrazola

S-money [Proc. R. Soc. A 475, 20190170 (2019)] schemes define virtual tokens designed for networks with relativistic or other trusted signalling constraints. The tokens allow near-instant verification and guarantee unforgeability without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-13 Adrian Kent , Damián Pitalúa-García

Quantum key distribution is widely thought to offer unconditional security in communication between two users. Unfortunately, a widely accepted proof of its security in the presence of source, device and channel noises has been missing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau