English

A Note on Publicly Verifiable Quantum Money with Low Quantum Computational Resources

Quantum Physics 2026-03-16 v2 Cryptography and Security

Abstract

In this work we present a publicly verifiable quantum money protocol which assumes close to no quantum computational capabilities. We rely on one-time memories which in turn can be built from quantum conjugate coding and hardware-based assumptions. Specifically, our scheme allows for a limited number of verifications and also allows for quantum tokens for digital signatures. Double spending is prevented by the no-cloning principle of conjugate coding states. An implementation of the concepts presented in this work can be found at https://github.com/neverlocal/otm_billz.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2512.21304,
  title  = {A Note on Publicly Verifiable Quantum Money with Low Quantum Computational Resources},
  author = {Fabrizio Genovese and Lev Stambler},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2512.21304},
  year   = {2026}
}
R2 v1 2026-07-01T08:40:09.576Z