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We present results for the ground state and first excited state static potentials in the confinement "phase" of the SU(2) Higgs model. String breaking and the crossing of the energy levels are clearly visible. We address the question of the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-06-25 F. Knechtli

We investigate the quantum statistical properties of the confining string connecting a static fermion-antifermion pair in the massive Schwinger model. By analyzing the reduced density matrix of the subsystem located in between the fermion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-16 Sebastian Grieninger , Dmitri E. Kharzeev , Eliana Marroquin

In gauge systems coupled to matter, the static potential flattens out at a scale where the confining string breaks by formation of a dynamical pair of particles. Surprisingly, such a breaking is invisible in Wilson loops even when the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-31 Ferdinando Gliozzi

We investigate the static potential in the confinement phase of the SU(2) Higgs model on the lattice, where this model is expected to have properties similar to QCD. We observe that Wilson loops are inadequate to determine the potential at…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-31 Francesco Knechtli , Rainer Sommer

Here we study the static potential for the two quarks and two antiquarks system. First this is done using the tetraquark operator, which has been previously used to calculate the static potential. This is found to give good results in the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2012-10-12 Marco Cardoso , Pedro Bicudo , Nuno Cardoso

We explore the limit at which the effective baryonic Y-string model of the junction approaches the mesonic stringlike behavior. We calculate and compare the numerical values of the static potential and energy-density correlators of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-11-10 A. S. Bakry , M. A. Deliyergiyev , A. A. Galal , M. N. Khalil

We propose a string theory construction which allows us to study properties of the potential of two heavy quarks coupled to a light quark. In such a case, the potential is a function of separation between the heavy quarks. The results show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-11 Oleg Andreev

We consider the string breaking phenomenon within effective string models which purport to mimic QCD with two light flavors, with a special attention to baryon modes. We make some estimates of the string breaking distances at zero and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-05-13 Oleg Andreev

We show how string breaking on the lattice, treated as a mixing effect, can be related to decay rates for heavy quark systems. We use this to make a preliminary calculation of the energy split at maximum mixing for static quarks in QCD from…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-31 I T Drummond , R R Horgan

We present in detail a technique to extract the potential between a static quark and anti-quark pair from Wilson loops measured on dynamical configurations. This technique is based on HYP smearing and leads to an exponential improvement of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-05-20 Michael Donnellan , Francesco Knechtli , Björn Leder , Rainer Sommer

We determine the static potential for a heavy quark-antiquark pair from the spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance in a non-Abelian gauge theory. Our calculation is done within the framework of the gauge-invariant,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Patricio Gaete , Eduardo Guendelman , Euro Spallucci

Confinement and string breaking are two fundamental phenomena in gauge theories. Signatures of both are currently pursued in quantum-simulator experiments, opening a new angle on strongly interacting dynamics of gauge fields out of…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2026-02-27 Yaohua Li , Devendra Singh Bhakuni , Yong-Chun Liu , Marcello Dalmonte

The inclusion of string fusion in Dual Parton Model results in the appearance of diquark-antidiquark pairs in the sea with comparatively large Feynman-$x$. Such antidiquarks can fragment into fast antibaryons, thus increasing several times…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 N. Armesto , E. G. Ferreiro , C. Pajares , Yu. M. Shabelski

We present a preliminary computation of potentials between two static quarks in $n_f=2$ QCD with O(a) improved Wilson fermions. We explore different smearing choices (HYP, HYP2 and APE) and their effect on the signal to noise ratio in the…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2020-06-23 Marco Catillo , Marina Krstić Marinković , Pedro Bicudo , Nuno Cardoso

Four-dimensional string theories predict in general the existence of light exotic particles with fractional electric charges. Such particles could escape present observations if they are confined by a gauge group of the "hidden" sector into…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 I. Antoniadis , K. Benakli

Understanding flux string dynamics can provide insight into quark confinement and hadronization. First-principles quantum and numerical simulations have mostly focused on toy-model Abelian lattice gauge theories (LGTs). With the advent of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-10-08 Giovanni Cataldi , Simone Orlando , Jad C. Halimeh

The QCD string breaking due to quark pair creation in the vacuum confining field, possibly accompanied by vector, scalar or Nambu-Goldstone bosons, is studied nonperturbatively. The scalar light pair creation vertex occurs due to chiral…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-01-29 Yu. A. Simonov , ITEP

We present results for the static energy in ($2+1+1$)-flavor QCD over a wide range of lattice spacings and several quark masses, including the physical quark mass, with ensembles of lattice-gauge-field configurations made available by the…

A simple string model inspired by the strong-coupling regime of Quantum ChromoDynamics is used as a potential for studying the spectrum of multiquark systems with two quarks and two antiquarks, with a careful treatment of the four-body…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Vijande , A. Valcarce , J. -M. Richard

The roughly linear rise of the potential found between adjoint sources in SU(N) in lattice simulations is expected to saturate into a state of two `gluelumps' due to gluonic screening. We examine this in SU(2) in 2+1 dimensions. Crossover…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2009-10-31 P. W. Stephenson