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The search for effective collaboration between humans and computer systems is one of the biggest challenges in Artificial Intelligence. One of the more effective mechanisms that humans use to coordinate with one another is theory of mind…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ramira van der Meulen , Rineke Verbrugge , Max van Duijn

Improving the effectiveness of human-robot interaction requires social robots to accurately infer human goals through robust intention understanding. This challenge is particularly critical in multimodal settings, where agents must…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hamed Rahimi , Clemence Grislain , Adrien Jacquet Cretides , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

User modeling has traditionally relied on inferring preferences, traits, or intents from observable behaviour. While effective in many adaptive systems, this paradigm treats behaviour as the primary object of modeling and leaves…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Cristina Gena

A first step to reach Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities (attribution of beliefs to others) in synthetic agents through sensorimotor interactions, would be to tag sensory data with agent typology and action intentions: autonomous agent X moved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-23 M. Sánchez-Fibla , C. Moulin-Frier , X. Arsiwalla , P. Verschure

Large Language Models have shown exceptional generative abilities in various natural language and generation tasks. However, possible anthropomorphization and leniency towards failure cases have propelled discussions on emergent abilities…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Mudit Verma , Siddhant Bhambri , Subbarao Kambhampati

Human-robot collaborative assembly systems enhance the efficiency and productivity of the workplace but may increase the workers' cognitive demand. This paper proposes an online and quantitative framework to assess the cognitive workload…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Marta Lagomarsino , Marta Lorenzini , Pietro Balatti , Elena De Momi , Arash Ajoudani

The ability to interpret the mental state of another agent based on its behavior, also called Theory of Mind (ToM), is crucial for humans in any kind of social interaction. Artificial systems, such as intelligent assistants, would also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Jan Pöppel , Stefan Kopp

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to reason about others' mental states, and higher-order ToM involves considering that others also possess their own ToM. Equipping large language model (LLM)-driven agents with ToM has long been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chunjiang Mu , Ya Zeng , Qiaosheng Zhang , Kun Shao , Chen Chu , Hao Guo , Danyang Jia , Zhen Wang , Shuyue Hu

The letter focuses on Haptic Glove (HG) based control of a Robotic Hand (RH) executing in-hand manipulation of certain objects of interest. The high dimensional motion signals in HG and RH possess intrinsic variability of kinematics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Muneeb Ahmed , Rajesh Kumar , Qaim Abbas , Brejesh Lall , Arzad A. Kherani , Sudipto Mukherjee

Monitoring autonomous large language model (LLM) agents for covert malicious behavior is challenging due to delayed, context-dependent, and long-horizon attack patterns. Agents may pursue hidden objectives while maintaining superficially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Nesreen K. Ahmed , Nima Nafisi

This paper explores the feasibility of employing EEG-based intention detection for real-time robot assistive control. We focus on predicting and distinguishing motor intentions of left/right arm movements by presenting: i) an offline data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Ho Jin Choi , Satyajeet Das , Shaoting Peng , Ruzena Bajcsy , Nadia Figueroa

Theory of Mind (ToM) significantly impacts human collaboration and communication as a crucial capability to understand others. When AI agents with ToM capability collaborate with humans, Mutual Theory of Mind (MToM) arises in such human-AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Shao Zhang , Xihuai Wang , Wenhao Zhang , Yongshan Chen , Landi Gao , Dakuo Wang , Weinan Zhang , Xinbing Wang , Ying Wen

In this paper, we aim at improving human motion prediction during human-robot collaboration in industrial facilities by exploiting contributions from both physical and physiological signals. Improved human-machine collaboration could prove…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Stefano Tortora , Stefano Michieletto , Francesca Stival , Emanuele Menegatti

Humans with an average level of social cognition can infer the beliefs of others based solely on the nonverbal communication signals (e.g. gaze, gesture, pose and contextual information) exhibited during social interactions. This social…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jiafei Duan , Samson Yu , Nicholas Tan , Li Yi , Cheston Tan

In applications that involve human-robot interaction (HRI), human-robot teaming (HRT), and cooperative human-machine systems, the inference of the human partner's intent is of critical importance. This paper presents a method for the…

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to track others epistemic state, makes humans efficient collaborators. AI agents need the same capacity in multi agent settings, yet existing benchmarks mostly test literal ToM by asking direct belief…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gurusha Juneja , Dylan Lu , Saaket Agashe , Parth Diwane , Edward Gunn , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , William Yang Wang , Yali Du , Xin Eric Wang

A promising effective human-robot interaction in assistive robotic systems is gaze-based control. However, current gaze-based assistive systems mainly help users with basic grasping actions, offering limited support. Moreover, the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zejia Zhang , Bo Yang , Xinxing Chen , Weizhuang Shi , Haoyuan Wang , Wei Luo , Jian Huang

Collaborative manipulation is inherently multimodal, with haptic communication playing a central role. When performed by humans, it involves back-and-forth force exchanges between the participants through which they resolve possible…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Zhanibek Rysbek , Ki Hwan Oh , Milos Zefran

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) requires robots to adapt their motions to human intent to ensure safe and efficient cooperation in shared spaces. Although large language models (LLMs) provide high-level reasoning for inferring human intent,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jiurun Song , Xiao Liang , Minghui Zheng

The ability of human beings to precisely recog- nize others intents is a significant mental activity in reasoning about actions, such as, what other people are doing and what they will do next. Recent research has revealed that human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Xiang Zhang