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Cognitive abilities, such as Theory of Mind (ToM), play a vital role in facilitating cooperation in human social interactions. However, our study reveals that agents with higher ToM abilities may not necessarily exhibit better cooperative…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Jiaqi Shao , Tianjun Yuan , Tao Lin , Bing Luo

We present Latent Theory of Mind (LatentToM), a decentralized diffusion policy architecture for collaborative robot manipulation. Our policy allows multiple manipulators with their own perception and computation to collaborate with each…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Chengyang He , Gadiel Sznaier Camps , Xu Liu , Mac Schwager , Guillaume Sartoretti

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, there is increasing interest in their ability to infer human mental states and demonstrate a human-like Theory of Mind (ToM). Most existing ToM evaluations, however, are centered on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Siqi Liu , Xinyang Li , Bochao Zou , Junbao Zhuo , Huimin Ma , Jiansheng Chen

Assistive robots can potentially improve the quality of life and personal independence of elderly people by supporting everyday life activities. To guarantee a safe and intuitive interaction between human and robot, human intentions need to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Susanne Trick , Dorothea Koert , Jan Peters , Constantin Rothkopf

This paper describes a method of estimating the intention of a user's motion in a robot tele-operation scenario. One of the issues in tele-operation is latency, which occurs due to various reasons such as a slow robot motion and a narrow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Motoki Kojima , Jun Miura

Intention prediction has become a relevant field of research in Human-Machine and Human-Robot Interaction. Indeed, any artificial system (co)-operating with and along humans, designed to assist and coordinate its actions with a human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Anna Belardinelli

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks; however, their ability to perform Theory of Mind (ToM) tasks, such as inferring human intentions, beliefs, and mental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Ximing Wen , Mallika Mainali , Anik Sen

During collaborative tasks, human behavior is guided by multiple levels of intentions that evolve over time, such as task sequence preferences and interaction strategies. To adapt to these changing preferences and promptly correct any…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Zhe Huang , Ye-Ji Mun , Fatemeh Cheraghi Pouria , Katherine Driggs-Campbell

Constraint-aware estimation of human intent is essential for robots to physically collaborate and interact with humans. Further, to achieve fluid collaboration in dynamic tasks intent estimation should be achieved in real-time. In this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yifei Simon Shao , Tianyu Li , Shafagh Keyvanian , Pratik Chaudhari , Vijay Kumar , Nadia Figueroa

Theory-of-Mind (ToM) enables humans to infer mental states-such as beliefs, desires, and intentions-forming the foundation of social cognition. However, existing computational ToM methods rely on structured workflows with ToM-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chunhui Zhang , Zhongyu Ouyang , Kwonjoon Lee , Nakul Agarwal , Sean Dae Houlihan , Soroush Vosoughi , Shao-Yuan Lo

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to infer others' mental states, such as beliefs, desires, and intentions. Current vision-language embodied agents lack ToM-based decision-making, and existing benchmarks focus solely on human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ruoxuan Zhang , Qiyun Zheng , Zhiyu Zhou , Ziqi Liao , Siyu Wu , Jian-Yu Jiang-Lin , Bin Wen , Hongxia Xie , Jianlong Fu , Wen-Huang Cheng

We present a motion planning algorithm to compute collision-free and smooth trajectories for high-DOF robots interacting with humans in a shared workspace. Our approach uses offline learning of human actions along with temporal coherence to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Jae Sung Park , Chonhyon Park , Dinesh Manocha

Machine learning of Theory of Mind (ToM) is essential to build social agents that co-live with humans and other agents. This capacity, once acquired, will help machines infer the mental states of others from observed contextual action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Dung Nguyen , Phuoc Nguyen , Hung Le , Kien Do , Svetha Venkatesh , Truyen Tran

Robot understanding of human intentions is essential for fluid human-robot interaction. Intentions, however, cannot be directly observed and must be inferred from behaviors. We learn a model of adaptive human behavior conditioned on the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Min Chen , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

A major challenge in cognitive science and AI has been to understand how autonomous agents might acquire and predict behavioral and mental states of other agents in the course of complex social interactions. How does such an agent model the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Ismael T. Freire , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla , Jordi-Ysard Puigbò , Paul Verschure

Human teams can be exceptionally efficient at adapting and collaborating during manipulation tasks using shared mental models. However, the same shared mental models that can be used by humans to perform robust low-level force and motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Eric C. Townsend , Erich A Mielke , David Wingate , Marc D. Killpack

The architecture described in this paper encodes a theory of intentions based on the the key principles of non-procrastination, persistence, and automatically limiting reasoning to relevant knowledge and observations. The architecture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Rocio Gomez , Mohan Sridharan , Heather Riley

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) relies on accurate and timely recognition of human intentions to ensure seamless interactions. Among common HRC tasks, human-to-robot object handovers have been studied extensively for planning the robot's…

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the ability to understand and reflect on the mental states of others. Although this capability is crucial for human interaction, testing on Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals that they possess only a rudimentary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Sneheel Sarangi , Maha Elgarf , Hanan Salam

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to an agent's ability to model the internal states of others. Contributing to the debate whether large language models (LLMs) exhibit genuine ToM capabilities, our study investigates their ToM robustness using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Christian Nickel , Laura Schrewe , Florian Mai , Lucie Flek