Related papers: Quasi-local energy from a Minkowski reference
In relativity, the energy of a moving particle depends on the observer, and the rest mass is the minimal energy seen among all observers. The Wang-Yau quasi-local mass for a surface in spacetime introduced in [7] and [8] is defined by…
In general relativity, quasi-local energy-momentum expressions have been constructed from various formulae. However, Newtonian theory of gravity gives a well known and an unique quasi-local mass expression (surface integration). Since…
We have proposed a program for determining the reference for the quasi-local energy defined in the covariant Hamiltonian formalism. Our program has been tested by applying it to the spherically symmetric spacetimes. With respect to…
Our topic concerns a long standing puzzle: the energy of gravitating systems. More precisely we want to consider, for gravitating systems, how to best describe energy-momentum and angular momentum/center-of-mass momentum (CoMM). It is known…
The purpose of the classical Einstein and Landau-Lifshitz pseudotensors is for determining the gravitational energy. Neither of them can guarantee a positive energy in holonomic frames. In the small sphere approximation, it has been…
We first describe a class of spinor-curvature identities (SCI) which have gravitational applications. Then we sketch the topic of gravitational energy-momentum, its connection with Hamiltonian boundary terms and the issues of positivity and…
Gravity, and the puzzle regarding its energy, can be understood from a gauge theory perspective. Gravity, i.e., dynamical spacetime geometry, can be considered as a local gauge theory of the symmetry group of Minkowski spacetime: the…
The quasilocal energy of gravitational and matter fields in a spatially bounded region is obtained by employing a Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of the action functional. First, a surface stress-energy-momentum tensor is defined by the functional…
An `effective' quasi-local energy expression, motivated by the (relativistically corrected) Newtonian theory, is introduced in exact GR as the volume integral of all the source terms in the field equation for the Newtonian potential in…
We show that the Hamiltonian dynamics of the self-interacting, abelian p-form theory in D=2p+2 dimensional space-time gives rise to the quasi-local structure. Roughly speaking, it means that the field energy is localized but on closed…
In General Relativity, there have been many proposals for defining the gravitational energy density, notably those proposed by Einstein, Tolman, Landau and Lifshitz, Papapetrou, M{\o}ller, and Weinberg. In this review, we firstly explored…
Using the Noether Charge formulation, we study a perturbation of the conserved gravitating system. By requiring the boundary term in the variation of the Hamiltonian to depend only on the symplectic structure, we propose a general…
A quasi-local mass, typically defined as an integral over a spacelike $2$-surface $\Sigma$, should encode information about the gravitational field within a finite, extended region bounded by $\Sigma$. Therefore, in attempts to quantize…
For a spacelike 2-surface in spacetime, we propose a new definition of quasi-local angular momentum and quasi-local center of mass, as an element in the dual space of the Lie algebra of the Lorentz group. Together with previous defined…
The null infinity limit of the gravitational energy-momentum and energy flux determined by the covariant Hamiltonian quasi-local expressions is evaluated using the NP spin coefficients. The reference contribution is considered by three…
Based on the quasi-local energy definition of Brown and York, we compute the integral of the trace of the extrinsic curvature over a codimension-2 hypersurface. In particular, we study the difference between the uncompactified Minkowski…
In general relativity, the local gravitational energy is best characterised by the quasilocal mass. The small sphere limit of quasilocal mass provides us the most local notion of gravitational energy. In four dimensions, the limits were…
In this paper, by arising condition in variation, from equal time to non-equal time, I reconsider how geometrodynamics equations allow to be derived from variational principle in general relativity and then find the variation of extrinsic…
For describing the non-negative gravitational energy-momentum in terms of a pure Bel-Robinson type energy-momentum in a quasi-local 2-surface, both the Bel-Robinson tensor $B$ and tensor $V$ are suitable. We have found that this…
The definition of quasi-local mass for a bounded space-like region in space-time is essential in several major unsettled problems in general relativity. The quasi-local mass is expected to be a type of flux integral on the boundary…