Related papers: Quasi-local energy from a Minkowski reference
There have been many attempts to define the notion of quasilocal mass for a spacelike 2-surface in spacetime by the Hamilton-Jacobi analysis. The essential difficulty in this approach is to identify the right choice of the background…
Quantum mechanics does not provide any ready recipe for defining energy density in space, since the energy and coordinate do not commute. To find a well-motivated energy density, we start from a possibly fundamental, relativistic…
In this work the definition of a quasilocal energy for four dimensional first order gravity is developed. Using this an action principle which is adequate for the canonical ensemble is obtained. The microcanonical action principle is…
Explicit expressions for quantum fluctuations of energy in subsystems of a hot relativistic gas of spin-$1/2$ particles are derived. The results depend on the form of the energy-momentum tensor used in the calculations, which is a feature…
The Hamiltonian for dynamic geometry generates the evolution of a spatial region along a vector field. It includes a boundary term which determines both the value of the Hamiltonian and the boundary conditions. The value gives the…
Classical black holes and event horizons are highly non-local objects, defined in terms of the causal past of future null infinity. Alternative, (quasi)local definitions are often used in mathematical, quantum, and numerical relativity.…
Specialising to the case of Kerr-Schild spacetimes, which include the Kerr black hole and gravitational wave solutions, we propose a modification of the Penrose quasi-local energy. The modification relies on the existence of a natural…
The Bel-Robinson tensor $B$ and the tensor $V$ have the same quasilocal energy-momentum in a small sphere. Using a pseudotensor approach to evaluate the energy-momentum in a half-cylinder, we find that $B$ and $V$ have different values, not…
The relativistic Klein-Gordon system is studied as an illustration of Quantum Mechanics using non-Hermitian operators as observables. A version of the model is considered containing a generic coordinate- and energy-dependent…
This paper deals with the evolution of the Einstein gravitational fields which are coupled to a perfect fluid. We consider the Einstein--Euler system in asymptotically flat spacestimes and therefore use the condition that the energy density…
In this paper we would have a brief overview of several proposals of quasilocal mass which are based on Hamiltonian formulation. We also show the positivity of the Wang-Yau energy under a more general condition. We then further study the…
We show that modifications of Einstein gravity during inflation could leave potentially measurable imprints on cosmological observables in the form of non-Gaussian perturbations. This is due to the fact that these modifications appear in…
We derive expressions for the expectation values of the local energy and the local power transferred by an external electrical field to a many-particle system of interacting spinless electrons. In analogy with the definition of the (local)…
We define the energy of a perfectly isolated system at a given retarded time as the suitable null limit of the quasilocal energy $E$. The result coincides with the Bondi-Sachs mass. Our $E$ is the lapse-unity shift-zero boundary value of…
A framework is developed which quantifies the local exchange of energy and momentum between matter and the linearized gravitational field. We derive the unique gravitational energy-momentum tensor consistent with this description, and find…
Generalized Smarr relations in terms of quasilocal variables are obtained for Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes. The approach is based on gravitational path integrals with finite boundaries on which, following Brown and…
The non-equilibrium densities of nonlocal mass-energy are self-governed by kinetic stresses toward quasi-equilibrium sub-configurations. System energy integral of continuous matter-extension coordinates its adaptive densities on each…
We begin a systematic study of Quantum Energy Inequalities (QEIs) in relation to local covariance. We define notions of locally covariant QEIs of both 'absolute' and 'difference' types and show that existing QEIs satisfy these conditions.…
The bicrossproduct model \lambda-Minkowski (or `\kappa-Minkowski') quantum spacetime has an anomaly for the action of the Poincar\'e quantum group which was resolved by an extra cotangent direction \theta' not visible classically. We show…
Generally, the local interactions in a many-body quantum spin system on a lattice do not commute with each other. Consequently, the Hamiltonian of a local region will generally not commute with that of the entire system, and so the two…