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This article describes how to solve Sudoku puzzles using Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO). To this end, a QUBO instance with 729 variables is constructed, encoding a Sudoku grid with all constraints in place, which is then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-11 Sascha Mücke

In this paper, we propose a quantum algorithm that supports a real-valued higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO) problem. This algorithm is based on the Grover adaptive search that originally supported HUBO with integer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-17 Masaya Norimoto , Ryuhei Mori , Naoki Ishikawa

This paper explores the applications of quantum annealing (QA) and classical simulated annealing (SA) to a suite of combinatorial optimization problems in machine learning, namely feature selection, instance selection, and clustering. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Chloe Pomeroy , Aleksandar Pramov , Karishma Thakrar , Lakshmi Yendapalli

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) remains a fundamental challenge in robotics, where classical centralized approaches exhibit exponential growth in joint-state complexity as the number of agents increases. This paper investigates Quadratic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Javier González Villasmil

Quantum approaches to combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often limited by the resource demands of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) encodings, which enlarge circuits through penalty terms and increase qubit and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Frederik Koch , Shahram Panahiyan , Rick Mukherjee , Joseph Doetsch , Dieter Jaksch

Optimisation algorithms designed to work on quantum computers or other specialised hardware have been of research interest in recent years. Many of these solver can only optimise problems that are in binary and quadratic form. Quadratic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-23 Mayowa Ayodele

Boolean satisfiability (SAT) is a propositional logic problem of determining whether an assignment of variables satisfies a Boolean formula. Many combinatorial optimization problems can be formulated in Boolean SAT logic -- either as k-SAT…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Robert Simon Fong , Yanming Song , Alexander Yosifov

Quantum annealers offer a promising approach to solve Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, which have a wide range of applications. However, when a user submits its QUBO problem to a third-party quantum annealer, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Moyang Xie , Yuan Zhang , Sheng Zhong , Qun Li

Neural network pruning can be formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem, yet most existing approaches rely on greedy heuristics that ignore complex interactions between filters. Formal optimization methods such as Quadratic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Osama Orabi , Artur Zagitov , Hadi Salloum , Viktor A. Lobachev , Kasymkhan Khubiev , Yaroslav Kholodov

The routing and wavelength assignment with protection is an important problem in telecommunications. Given an optical network and incoming connection requests, a commonly studied variant of the problem aims to grant maximum number of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-09 Oylum Şeker , Merve Bodur , Hamed Pouya

Linear regression is a popular machine learning approach to learn and predict real valued outputs or dependent variables from independent variables or features. In many real world problems, its beneficial to perform sparse linear regression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Surya Sai Teja Desu , P. K. Srijith , M. V. Panduranga Rao , Naveen Sivadasan

The feedback-based algorithm for quantum optimization (FALQON) has recently been proposed to solve quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems. This paper efficiently generalizes FALQON to tackle quadratic constrained binary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-15 Salahuddin Abdul Rahman , Özkan Karabacak , Rafal Wisniewski

Tree-based regression models are widely used in supervised learning, with the Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm serving as a standard reference. CART construction involves solving a sequence of split-selection optimization…

Computation · Statistics 2026-05-08 Iro René Kouarfate , Maxime Dion , Anne MacKay , Mathieu Pigeon

Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization models are useful for solving a diverse range of optimization problems. Constraints can be added by incorporating quadratic penalty terms into the objective, often with the introduction of slack…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Amit Verma , Mark Lewis

Due to the expected disparity in quantum vs. classical clock speeds, quantum advantage for branch and bound algorithms is more likely achievable in settings involving large search trees and low operator evaluation costs. Therefore, in this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Thomas Häner , Kyle E. C. Booth , Sima E. Borujeni , Elton Yechao Zhu

Quantum annealing is a promising paradigm for building practical quantum computers. Compared to other approaches, quantum annealing technology has been scaled up to a larger number of qubits. On the other hand, deep learning has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Michele Sasdelli , Tat-Jun Chin

Quantum annealing offers a promising paradigm for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, but its practical application is severely hindered by two challenges: the complex, manual process of translating problem descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Huixiang Zhang , Mahzabeen Emu , Salimur Choudhury

We introduce a novel Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulation method for spanning tree problems. Instead of encoding the presence of edges in the tree individually, we opt to encode spanning trees as a permutation…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Ivan Carvalho

In finance, assessing the creditworthiness of loan applicants requires lenders to cluster borrowers using rating scales. Financial institutions must define the scales in compliance with strict institutional constraints, resulting in solving…

We propose an algorithm inspired by optical coherent Ising machines to solve the problem of polynomial unconstrained binary optimization (PUBO). We benchmark the proposed algorithm against existing PUBO algorithms on the extended…

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