Related papers: Time-resolved x-ray microscopy for materials scien…
X-ray observatories contribute fundamental advances in Solar System studies by probing Sun-object interactions, developing planet and satellite surface composition maps, probing global magnetospheric dynamics, and tracking astrochemical…
Super-resolution microscopy overcomes the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy in spatial resolution. By providing novel spatial or spatio-temporal information on biological processes at nanometer resolution with molecular…
Resolving morphological chemical phase transformations at the nanoscale is of vital importance to many scientific and industrial applications across various disciplines. The TXM-XANES imaging technique, by combining full field transmission…
The structural investigations of nanomaterials motivated by their large variety and diverse set of applications have attracted considerable attention. In particular, the ever-improving machinery, both in laboratory and at large scale…
We present the science case for a broadband X-ray imager with high-resolution spectroscopy, including simulations of X-ray spectral diagnostics of both active regions and solar flares. This is part of a trilogy of white papers discussing…
Recent X-ray observations have had a major impact on topics ranging from protostars to cosmology. They have also drawn attention to important and general physical processes that currently limit our understanding of thermal and nonthermal…
Supernova remnants serve as nearby laboratories relevant to many areas in Astrophysics, from stellar and galaxy evolution to extreme astrophysics and the formation of the heavy elements in the Universe. The Chandra X-ray mission has enabled…
Optical fiber technologies enable high-speed communication, medical imaging, and advanced sensing. Among the techniques for the characterization of optical fibers, Xray computed tomography has recently emerged as a versatile non-destructive…
X-ray nanotomography is a powerful tool for the characterization of nanoscale materials and structures, but is difficult to implement due to competing requirements on X-ray flux and spot size. Due to this constraint, state-of-the-art…
The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer has demonstrated that fast X-ray timing can be used to probe strong gravity fields around collapsed objects and constrain the equation of state of dense matter in neutron stars. These studies require…
The transition of materials and devices to nanometer, atomic, and quantum scales makes thermal characterization increasingly challenging, driving the need for advanced nanoscale thermometry. Fluorescence nanothermometry has emerged as a…
Recently, it was discovered that microsphere can generate super-resolution focusing beyond diffraction limit. This has led to the development of an exciting super-resolution imaging technique -microsphere nanoscopy- that features a record…
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is a nanoscale imaging technique that can utilize several powerful contrast mechanisms for the quantitative mapping of chemical and physical materials properties. Spatial resolutions down to…
Time-resolved studies have so far relied on rapidly triggering a photo-induced dynamic in chemical or biological ions or molecules and subsequently probing them with a beam of fast moving photons or electrons that crosses the studied…
We present a unified elucidation for the role temporal coherence properties of x-rays in surface x-ray standing wave analysis, under total external reflection condition. Analytical formulas have been derived that provide a direct relation…
Future ultrafast x-ray light sources might image ultrafast coherent electron motion in real-space and in real-time. For a rigorous understanding of such an imaging experiment, we extend the theory of non-resonant x-ray scattering to the…
One of the current trends of laser applications in material science is using high-intensity lasers to provide fast and efficient surface or volume modifications for achieving controllable material properties, synthesis of novel materials…
Recently, imaging by microspheres and dielectric particle-lenses emerged as a simple solution to obtaining super-resolution images of nanoscale devices and structures. Calibrated resolution of ~{\lambda}/6 - {\lambda}/8 has been…
Considering the growing interest in magnetic materials for unconventional computing, data storage, and sensor applications, there is active research not only on material synthesis but also characterisation of their properties. In addition…
Optical detection of nanoscale objects without relying on fluorescence is a current challenge due to their extremely weak interaction with light. Resonator-enhanced absorption microscopy is a novel tool to heavily boost the light-matter…