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We propose a protocol to prepare a high-fidelity magic state on a two-dimensional (2D) color code using a three-dimensional (3D) color code. Our method modifies the known code switching protocol with (i) a recently discovered transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Lucas Daguerre , Isaac H. Kim

We consider classical-quantum (cq-)channels with memory, and establish that Ar{\i}kan-constructed polar codes achieve the classical capacity for two key noise models, namely for (i) qubit erasures and (ii) unital qubit noise with channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Jaswanthi Mandalapu , Vikesh Siddhu , Krishna Jagannathan

A pruned variant of polar coding is proposed for binary erasure channels. For sufficiently small $\varepsilon>0$, we construct a series of capacity achieving codes with block length $N=\varepsilon^{-5}$, code rate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Hsin-Po Wang , Iwan Duursma

We consider lossy source compression of a binary symmetric source using polar codes and the low-complexity successive encoding algorithm. It was recently shown by Arikan that polar codes achieve the capacity of arbitrary symmetric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-03 Satish Babu Korada , Rudiger Urbanke

The overhead cost of performing universal fault-tolerant quantum computation for large scale quantum algorithms is very high. Despite several attempts at alternative schemes, magic state distillation remains one of the most efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-30 Christopher Chamberland , Kyungjoo Noh

This paper introduces techniques to construct binary polar source/channel codes based on the bit error probability of successive-cancellation decoding. The polarization lemma is reconstructed based on the bit error probability and then…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Jun Muramatsu

Polar codes are the latest breakthrough in coding theory, as they are the first family of codes with explicit construction that provably achieve the symmetric capacity of discrete memoryless channels. Ar{\i}kan's polar encoder and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Mostafa El-Khamy , Hessam Mahdavifar , Gennady Feygin , Jungwon Lee , Inyup Kang

Polar codes are introduced for discrete memoryless broadcast channels. For $m$-user deterministic broadcast channels, polarization is applied to map uniformly random message bits from $m$ independent messages to one codeword while…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-15 Naveen Goela , Emmanuel Abbe , Michael Gastpar

We consider explicit polar constructions of blocklength $n\rightarrow\infty$ for the two extreme cases of code rates $R\rightarrow1$ and $R\rightarrow0.$ For code rates $R\rightarrow1,$ we design codes with complexity order of $n\log n$ in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-17 Ilya Dumer

New algorithms for efficient decoding of polar codes (which may be CRC-augmented), transmitted over either a binary erasure channel (BEC) or an additive white Gaussian noise channel (AWGNC), are presented. We start by presenting a new…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Yonatan Urman , Guy Mogilevsky , David Burshtein

Magic state distillation, a process for preparing magic states needed to implement non-Clifford gates fault-tolerantly, plays a crucial role in fault-tolerant quantum computation. Historically, it has been a major bottleneck, leading to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Yutaka Hirano , Keisuke Fujii

We propose a nonuniform quantized decoder for polar codes. The design metric of the quantizers is to minimize the distortion incurred by quantization. The quantizers are obtained via dynamic programming and the optimality of the quantizer…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Zhiwei Cao , Hongfei Zhu , Yuping Zhao , Dou Li

Two-dimensional color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computing, as they have high encoding rates, transversal implementation of logical Clifford gates, and resource-efficient magic state preparation schemes.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Seok-Hyung Lee , Andrew Li , Stephen D. Bartlett

Erasure qubits constitute a promising approach for tackling the daunting resources required for fault-tolerant quantum computing. By heralding erasure errors, both the error-correction threshold and the sub-threshold scaling of the logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Shoham Jacoby , Yotam Vaknin , Alex Retzker , Arne L. Grimsmo

The inherent nature of polar codes being channel specific makes it difficult to use them in a setting where the communication channel changes with time. In particular, to be able to use polar codes in a wireless scenario, varying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-04 P. K. Deekshith , K. R. Sahasranand

A triorthogonal code is a binary quantum Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code defined by a triorthogonal matrix. Triorthogonal codes are a key ingredient in magic-state distillation, since they allow for transversal $\mathsf{T}$ gates, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Alessio Baldelli , Olai Å. Mostad , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes , Massimo Battaglioni

Degenerate quantum codes are codes that do not reveal the complete error syndrome. Their ability to conceal the complete error syndrome makes them powerful resources in certain quantum information processing tasks. In particular, the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-15 K. H. Ho , H. F. Chau

The preparation of high-fidelity non-Clifford (magic) states is an essential subroutine for universal quantum computation, but imposes substantial space-time overhead. Magic state factories based on high rate and distance quantum…

Polar encoding, described by Arikan in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 55, No. 7, July 2009, was a milestone for telecommunications. A Polar code distributes information among high and low-capacity channels, showing the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Geraldo A. Barbosa

Channel polarization is a phenomenon in which a particular recursive encoding induces a set of synthesized channels from many instances of a memoryless channel, such that a fraction of the synthesized channels becomes near perfect for data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-20 Mark M. Wilde , Saikat Guha