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Magic state distillation is a crucial yet resource-intensive process in fault-tolerant quantum computation. The protocol's overhead, defined as the number of input magic states required per output magic state with an error rate below…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Adam Wills , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Hayata Yamasaki

This paper presents a puncturing technique to design length-compatible polar codes. The punctured bits are identified with the help of differential evolution (DE). A DE-based optimization framework is developed where the sum of the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Kuntal Deka , Sanjeev Sharma

Magic state distillation is a resource intensive sub-routine for quantum computation. The ratio of noisy input states to output states with error rate at most $\epsilon$ scales as $O(\log^{\gamma}(1/\epsilon))$ (Bravyi and Haah, PRA 2012).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-21 Anirudh Krishna , Jean-Pierre Tillich

We study the application of polar codes in deletion channels by analyzing the cascade of a binary erasure channel (BEC) and a deletion channel. We show how polar codes can be used effectively on a BEC with a single deletion, and propose a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-01-10 Eldho K. Thomas , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Alexander Vardy , Mehul Motani

Triorthogonal codes are a class of quantum error correcting codes used in magic state distillation protocols. We classify all triorthogonal codes with $n+k \le 38$, where $n$ is the number of physical qubits and $k$ is the number of logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-29 Sepehr Nezami , Jeongwan Haah

Magic state distillation (MSD) is an essential element for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, which distills a high-fidelity magic state from noisy magic states using ideal (error-corrected) Clifford operations. For ideal Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Tomohiro Itogawa , Yugo Takada , Yutaka Hirano , Keisuke Fujii

Magic state distillation plays an important role in universal fault-tolerant quantum computing, and its overhead is one of the major obstacles to realizing fault-tolerant quantum computers. Hence, many studies have been conducted to reduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Yutaka Hirano , Tomohiro Itogawa , Keisuke Fujii

We present applications of quantum quadratic residue codes in magic state distillation. This includes showing that existing codes which are known to distill magic states, like the $5$-qubit perfect code, the $7$-qubit Steane code, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Michael Zurel , Santanil Jana , Nadish de Silva

Despite significant overhead reductions since its first proposal, magic state distillation is often considered to be a very costly procedure that dominates the resource cost of fault-tolerant quantum computers. The goal of this work is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Daniel Litinski

Magic state distillation is a resource intensive subroutine that consumes noisy input states to produce high-fidelity resource states that are used to perform logical operations in practical quantum-computing architectures. The resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Shraddha Singh , Andrew S. Darmawan , Benjamin J. Brown , Shruti Puri

We analyze the practical performance of quantum polar codes, by computing rigorous bounds on block error probability and by numerically simulating them. We evaluate our bounds for quantum erasure channels with coding block lengths between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-02 Zachary Dutton , Saikat Guha , Mark M. Wilde

A new algorithm for efficient exact maximum likelihood decoding of polar codes (which may be CRC augmented), transmitted over the binary erasure channel, is presented. The algorithm applies a matrix triangulation process on a sparse polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Yonatan Urman , David Burshtein

We present a theorem that shows that all useful protocols for magic state distillation output states with a fidelity that is upper-bounded by those generated by a much smaller class of protocols. This reduced class consists of the protocols…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-15 Earl T. Campbell , Dan E. Browne

Recently we proposed a family of magic state distillation protocols that obtains asymptotic performance that is conjectured to be optimal. This family depends upon several codes, called "inner codes" and "outer codes." We presented some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-09 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

A polar coding scheme for fading channels is proposed in this paper. More specifically, the focus is Gaussian fading channel with a BPSK modulation technique, where the equivalent channel could be modeled as a binary symmetric channel with…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Hongbo Si , O. Ozan Koyluoglu , Sriram Vishwanath

We present an infinite family of protocols to distill magic states for $T$-gates that has a low space overhead and uses an asymptotic number of input magic states to achieve a given target error that is conjectured to be optimal. The space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-04 Jeongwan Haah , Matthew B. Hastings , D. Poulin , D. Wecker

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a cornerstone of fault-tolerant quantum computing, enabling non-Clifford gates via state injection into stabilizer circuits. However, the substantial overhead of current MSD protocols remains a major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Muhammad Erew , Moshe Goldstein , Yaron Oz , Haim Suchowski

Magic State Distillation (MSD) has been a research focus for fault-tolerant quantum computing due to the need for non-Clifford resource in gaining quantum advantage. Although many of the MSD protocols so far are based on stabilizer codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Yunzhe Zheng , Dong E. Liu

Magic state distillation is a key component of fault-tolerant quantum computation, as it enables the implementation of non-Clifford gates such as the $T$ gate and the $CCZ$ gate via gate teleportation. However, conventional distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Tomohiro Itogawa , Yutaka Hirano , Yutaro Akahoshi , Keisuke Fujii

Magic state distillation (MSD) is a quantum algorithm that enables performing logical non-Clifford gates with in principle arbitrarily low noise level. It is herein typically assumed that logical Clifford gates can be executed without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Sascha Heußen