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The Hierarchical Reasoning Model (HRM) has impressive reasoning abilities given its small size, but has only been applied to supervised, static, fully-observable problems. One of HRM's strengths is its ability to adapt its computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Long H Dang , David Rawlinson

Robustness to adversarial perturbations has been explored in many areas of computer vision. This robustness is particularly relevant in vision-based reinforcement learning, as the actions of autonomous agents might be safety-critic or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Eugene Bykovets , Yannick Metz , Mennatallah El-Assady , Daniel A. Keim , Joachim M. Buhmann

Playing two-player games using reinforcement learning and self-play can be challenging due to the complexity of two-player environments and the possible instability in the training process. We propose that a reinforcement learning algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Kimiya Saadat , Richard Zhao

A key challenge in model-based reinforcement learning (RL) is to synthesize computationally efficient and accurate environment models. We show that carefully designed generative models that learn and operate on compact state…

Active learning agents typically employ a query selection algorithm which solely considers the agent's learning objectives. However, this may be insufficient in more realistic human domains. This work uses imitation learning to enable an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Kalesha Bullard , Yannick Schroecker , Sonia Chernova

Efficient exploration in complex environments remains a major challenge for reinforcement learning. We propose bootstrapped DQN, a simple algorithm that explores in a computationally and statistically efficient manner through use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Ian Osband , Charles Blundell , Alexander Pritzel , Benjamin Van Roy

Deep reinforcement learning is a technique for solving problems in a variety of environments, ranging from Atari video games to stock trading. This method leverages deep neural network models to make decisions based on observations of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Anthony Dowling

Preference-based reinforcement learning has gained prominence as a strategy for training agents in environments where the reward signal is difficult to specify or misaligned with human intent. However, its effectiveness is often limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jonathan Erskine , Taku Yamagata , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez

Exploration-exploitation is a powerful and practical tool in multi-agent learning (MAL), however, its effects are far from understood. To make progress in this direction, we study a smooth analogue of Q-learning. We start by showing that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Stefanos Leonardos , Georgios Piliouras

Reinforcement learning (RL) is successful at learning to play games where the entire environment is visible. However, RL approaches are challenged in complex games like Starcraft II and in real-world environments where the entire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Elizabeth Gilmour , Noah Plotkin , Leslie Smith

Efficient exploration in deep cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) still remains challenging in complex coordination problems. In this paper, we introduce a novel Episodic Multi-agent reinforcement learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Lulu Zheng , Jiarui Chen , Jianhao Wang , Jiamin He , Yujing Hu , Yingfeng Chen , Changjie Fan , Yang Gao , Chongjie Zhang

Effective exploration in reinforcement learning requires not only tracking where an agent has been, but also understanding how the agent perceives and represents the world. To learn powerful representations, an agent should actively explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Faisal Mohamed , Catherine Ji , Benjamin Eysenbach , Glen Berseth

Unsupervised skill discovery aims to learn diverse and distinguishable behaviors in open-ended reinforcement learning. For existing methods, they focus on improving diversity through pure exploration, mutual information optimization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 He Zhang , Ming Zhou , Shaopeng Zhai , Ying Sun , Hui Xiong

The Transformer, a highly expressive architecture for sequence modeling, has recently been adapted to solve sequential decision-making, most notably through the Decision Transformer (DT), which learns policies by conditioning on desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaohang Tang , Zhuowen Cheng , Satyabrat Kumar

This work proposes a novel model-free Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent that is able to learn how to complete an unknown task having access to only a part of the input observation. We take inspiration from the concepts of visual attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Gonçalo Querido , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

Reinforcement learning requires interaction with an environment, which is expensive for robots. This constraint necessitates approaches that work with limited environmental interaction by maximizing the reuse of previous experiences. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Benedict Quartey , Ankit Shah , George Konidaris

Existing imitation learning approaches often require that the complete demonstration data, including sequences of actions and states, are available. In this paper, we consider a more realistic and difficult scenario where a reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xiaoxiao Guo , Shiyu Chang , Mo Yu , Gerald Tesauro , Murray Campbell

Through multi-agent competition, the simple objective of hide-and-seek, and standard reinforcement learning algorithms at scale, we find that agents create a self-supervised autocurriculum inducing multiple distinct rounds of emergent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Bowen Baker , Ingmar Kanitscheider , Todor Markov , Yi Wu , Glenn Powell , Bob McGrew , Igor Mordatch

We study reinforcement learning (RL) problems in which agents observe the reward or transition realizations at their current state before deciding which action to take. Such observations are available in many applications, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Nadav Merlis

Determining what experience to generate to best facilitate learning (i.e. exploration) is one of the distinguishing features and open challenges in reinforcement learning. The advent of distributed agents that interact with parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Tom Schaul , Diana Borsa , David Ding , David Szepesvari , Georg Ostrovski , Will Dabney , Simon Osindero