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As reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved great success and been even adopted in safety-critical domains such as autonomous vehicles, a range of empirical studies have been conducted to improve its robustness against adversarial attacks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Fan Wu , Linyi Li , Zijian Huang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ding Zhao , Bo Li

Adversarial examples can easily degrade the classification performance in neural networks. Empirical methods for promoting robustness to such examples have been proposed, but often lack both analytical insights and formal guarantees.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Bernardo Aquino , Arash Rahnama , Peter Seiler , Lizhen Lin , Vijay Gupta

Formal verification of neural networks is essential before their deployment in safety-critical applications. However, existing methods for formally verifying neural networks are not yet scalable enough to handle practical problems under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

The widespread use of Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) often relies on a fixed activation function (e.g., ReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh) for all nodes within the hidden layers. While effective in many scenarios, this uniformity may limit the networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Hy Nguyen , Duy Khoa Pham , Srikanth Thudumu , Hung Du , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

Learning-based methods for synthesizing controllers have gained popularity due to their high expressiveness and strong empirical performance. However, in safety-critical scenarios such as autonomous driving, robotics, and power systems,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Haoyu Li , Xiangru Zhong , Hao Cheng , Bin Hu , Huan Zhang

A general procedure for introducing parametric, learned, nonlinearity into activation functions is found to enhance the accuracy of representative neural networks without requiring significant additional computational resources. Examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 David Yevick

We focus on verifying relational properties defined over deep neural networks (DNNs) such as robustness against universal adversarial perturbations (UAP), certified worst-case hamming distance for binary string classifications, etc. Precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Debangshu Banerjee , Gagandeep Singh

Perturbations targeting the graph structure have proven to be extremely effective in reducing the performance of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), and traditional defenses such as adversarial training do not seem to be able to improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Simon Geisler , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

To enhance the nonlinearity of neural networks and increase their mapping abilities between the inputs and response variables, activation functions play a crucial role to model more complex relationships and patterns in the data. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Haigen Hu , Aizhu Liu , Qiu Guan , Xiaoxin Li , Shengyong Chen , Qianwei Zhou

Deep neural networks have been widely adopted in many vision and robotics applications with visual inputs. It is essential to verify its robustness against semantic transformation perturbations, such as brightness and contrast. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hanjiang Hu , Bowei Li , Ziwei Wang , Tianhao Wei , Casidhe Hutchison , Eric Sample , Changliu Liu

In this paper we investigate formal verification problems for Neural Network computations. Of central importance will be various robustness and minimization problems such as: Given symbolic specifications of allowed inputs and outputs in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Adrian Wurm

Neural networks have shown tremendous growth in recent years to solve numerous problems. Various types of neural networks have been introduced to deal with different types of problems. However, the main goal of any neural network is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Shiv Ram Dubey , Satish Kumar Singh , Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri

We explore the concept of co-design in the context of neural network verification. Specifically, we aim to train deep neural networks that not only are robust to adversarial perturbations but also whose robustness can be verified more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Kai Y. Xiao , Vincent Tjeng , Nur Muhammad Shafiullah , Aleksander Madry

Certified defenses against small-norm adversarial examples have received growing attention in recent years; though certified accuracies of state-of-the-art methods remain far below their non-robust counterparts, despite the fact that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Klas Leino

Generative neural networks can be used to specify continuous transformations between images via latent-space interpolation. However, certifying that all images captured by the resulting path in the image manifold satisfy a given property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Matthew Mirman , Timon Gehr , Martin Vechev

We introduce S++, a simple, robust, and deployable framework for training a neural network (NN) using private data from multiple sources, using secret-shared secure function evaluation. In short, consider a virtual third party to whom every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Prashanthi Ramachandran , Shivam Agarwal , Arup Mondal , Aastha Shah , Debayan Gupta

Neural networks are popular and useful in many fields, but they have the problem of giving high confidence responses for examples that are away from the training data. This makes the neural networks very confident in their prediction while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Adrian Barbu , Hongyu Mou

Neural network certification methods heavily rely on convex relaxations to provide robustness guarantees. However, these relaxations are often imprecise: even the most accurate single-neuron relaxation is incomplete for general ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yuhao Mao , Yani Zhang , Martin Vechev

In this paper we investigate the performance of different types of rectified activation functions in convolutional neural network: standard rectified linear unit (ReLU), leaky rectified linear unit (Leaky ReLU), parametric rectified linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-30 Bing Xu , Naiyan Wang , Tianqi Chen , Mu Li

Neural networks have shown great success in many machine learning related tasks, due to their ability to act as general function approximators. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of neural networks in control systems (known as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-13 Matthew Newton , Antonis Papachristodoulou