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Autonomous driving has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Nan Li , Dave Oyler , Mengxuan Zhang , Yildiray Yildiz , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard

For the validation of safety-critical systems regarding safety and comfort, e.g., in the context of automated driving, engineers often have to cope with large (parametric) test spaces for which it is infeasible to test through all possible…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Daniel Grujic , Tabea Henning , Emilio José Calleja García , Andre Bergmann

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is of utmost importance and testing them in simulated environments is a safer option than conducting in-field operational tests. However, generating an exhaustive test suite to identify…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Neelofar , Aldeida Aleti

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Maximilian Kneissl , Hasan Esen

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) aim to improve traffic safety and efficiency by reducing human error. However, ensuring AVs reliability and safety is a challenging task when rare, high-risk traffic scenarios are considered. These 'Corner Cases'…

Autonomous driving systems (ADS) are safety-critical and require rigorous testing before public deployment. Simulation-based scenario testing provides a safe and cost-effective alternative to extensive on-road trials, enabling efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Siyuan Chen , Fuyuan Zhang , Hua Qi , Lei Ma , Tomoyuki Tsuchiya , Michio Hayashi , Manabu Okada

The operational space of an autonomous vehicle (AV) can be diverse and vary significantly. This may lead to a scenario that was not postulated in the design phase. Due to this, formulating a rule based decision maker for selecting maneuvers…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Subramanya Nageshrao , Eric Tseng , Dimitar Filev

When considering the accuracy of sensors in an automated vehicle (AV), it is not sufficient to evaluate the performance of any given sensor in isolation. Rather, the performance of any individual sensor must be considered in the context of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Jack Weast

Microscopic traffic simulation provides a controllable, repeatable, and efficient testing environment for autonomous vehicles (AVs). To evaluate AVs' safety performance unbiasedly, the probability distributions of environment statistics in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-05 Xintao Yan , Shuo Feng , Haowei Sun , Henry X. Liu

While automated driving technology has achieved a tremendous progress, the scalable and rigorous testing and verification of safe automated and autonomous driving vehicles remain challenging. This paper proposes a learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Andrea Favrin , Vladislav Nenchev , Angelo Cenedese

Evaluating the safety of an autonomous vehicle (AV) depends on the behavior of surrounding agents which can be heavily influenced by factors such as environmental context and informally-defined driving etiquette. A key challenge is in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Karen Leung , Sushant Veer , Edward Schmerling , Marco Pavone

Automated Vehicles require exhaustive testing in simulation to detect as many safety-critical failures as possible before deployment on public roads. In this work, we focus on the core decision-making component of autonomous robots: their…

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being rapidly introduced into our lives. However, public misunderstanding and mistrust have become prominent issues hindering the acceptance of these driverless technologies. The primary objective of this study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Zhijie Qiao , Helen Loeb , Venkata Gurrla , Matt Lebermann , Johannes Betz , Rahul Mangharam

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is the key requisite for their acceptance in society. This complexity is the core challenge in formally proving their safety conditions with AI-based black-box controllers and surrounding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Tsutomu Kobayashi , Martin Bondu , Fuyuki Ishikawa

With growing complexity and criticality of automated driving functions in road traffic and their operational design domains (ODD), there is increasing demand for covering significant proportions of development, validation, and verification…

Understanding how people view and interact with autonomous vehicles is important to guide future directions of research. One such way of aiding understanding is through simulations of virtual environments involving people and autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 John Charlton , Luis Rene Montana Gonzalez , Steve Maddock , Paul Richmond

Autonomous vehicles hold great promise for reducing traffic fatalities and improving transportation efficiency, yet their widespread adoption hinges on embedding credible and transparent ethical reasoning into routine and emergency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Dianzhao Li , Ostap Okhrin

This paper summarizes our formal approach to testing autonomous vehicles (AVs) in simulation for the IEEE AV Test Challenge. We demonstrate a systematic testing framework leveraging our previous work on formally-driven simulation for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Kesav Viswanadha , Francis Indaheng , Justin Wong , Edward Kim , Ellen Kalvan , Yash Pant , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

Although ground robotic autonomy has gained widespread usage in structured and controlled environments, autonomy in unknown and off-road terrain remains a difficult problem. Extreme, off-road, and unstructured environments such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-29 David D. Fan , Kyohei Otsu , Yuki Kubo , Anushri Dixit , Joel Burdick , Ali-Akbar Agha-Mohammadi