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Reasoning methods that adaptively allocate test-time compute have advanced LLM performance on easy to verify domains such as math and code. In this work, we study how to utilize this approach to train models that exhibit a degree of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taeyoun Kim , Fahim Tajwar , Aditi Raghunathan , Aviral Kumar

This article provides an analytical framework for how to simulate human-like thought processes within a computer. It describes how attention and memory should be structured, updated, and utilized to search for associative additions to the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-15 Jared Edward Reser

The pattern-match safety problem is to verify that a given functional program will never crash due to non-exhaustive patterns in its function definitions. We present a refinement type system that can be used to solve this problem. The…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-11-26 Eddie Jones , Steven Ramsay

The introduction of first-class type classes in the Coq system calls for re-examination of the basic interfaces used for mathematical formalization in type theory. We present a new set of type classes for mathematics and take full advantage…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-02-08 Bas Spitters , Eelis van der Weegen

We present an approach for modeling the Semantic Web as a type system. By using a type system, we can use symbolic representation for representing linked data. Objects with only data properties and references to external resources are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-03-06 Rod Moten

Advanced type systems that enforce various correctness and safety guarantees--such as linear and ownership types--have a long history in the Programming Languages research community. Despite this history, a human-centered evaluation of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Kasra Ferdowsi

Type systems provide software developers immediate feedback about a subset of correctness properties of their programs. IDE integrations often take advantage of type systems to present errors, suggest completions and even improve…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Alcides Fonseca , Guilherme Espada

We propose a type system for a calculus of contracting processes. Processes can establish sessions by stipulating contracts, and then can interact either by keeping the promises made, or not. Type safety guarantees that a typeable process…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Massimo Bartoletti , Alceste Scalas , Emilio Tuosto , Roberto Zunino

This paper explores how design patterns could be revisited in the era of mainstream functional programming languages. I discuss the kinds of knowledge that ought to be represented as functional design patterns: architectural concepts that…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Will Crichton

Memory safety is traditionally characterized in terms of bad things that cannot happen. This approach is currently embraced in the literature on formal methods for memory safety. However, a general semantic principle for memory safety, that…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-20 René Rydhof Hansen , Andreas Stenbæk Larsen , Aslan Askarov

Memory management in lock-free data structures remains a major challenge in concurrent programming. Design techniques including read-copy-update (RCU) and hazard pointers provide workable solutions, and are widely used to great effect.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Ismail Kuru , Colin S. Gordon

We introduce MTT, a dependent type theory which supports multiple modalities. MTT is parametrized by a mode theory which specifies a collection of modes, modalities, and transformations between them. We show that different choices of mode…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Daniel Gratzer , G. A. Kavvos , Andreas Nuyts , Lars Birkedal

An oblivious computation is one that is free of direct and indirect information leaks, e.g., due to observable differences in timing and memory access patterns. This paper presents Lambda Obliv, a core language whose type system enforces…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-11-14 David Darais , Ian Sweet , Chang Liu , Michael Hicks

The Partitioned Global Address Space memory model has been popularised by a number of languages and applications. However this abstraction can often result in the programmer having to rely on some in built choices and with this implicit…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Nick Brown

Formal specification is widely employed in the construction of high-quality software. However, there is often a huge gap between formal specification and actual implementation. While there is already a vast body of work on software testing…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-03-29 Zhiqiang Ren , Hongwei Xi

Type-free systems of logic are designed to consistently handle significant instances of self-reference. Some consistent type-free systems also have the feature of allowing the sort of general abstraction or comprehension principle that…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wayne Aitken , Jeffrey A. Barrett

We present a type system for strategy languages that express program transformations as compositions of rewrite rules. Our row-polymorphic type system assists compiler engineers to write correct strategies by statically rejecting non…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Rongxiao Fu , Xueying Qin , Ornela Dardha , Michel Steuwer

Dynamically typed object-oriented languages enable programmers to write elegant, reusable and extensible programs. However, with the current methodology for program verification, the absence of static type information creates significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-01-13 Björn Engelmann , Ernst-Rüdiger Olderog , Nils Erik Flick

The P4 programming language offers high-level, declarative abstractions that bring the flexibility of software to the domain of networking. Unfortunately, the main abstraction used to represent packet data in P4, namely header types, lacks…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Matthias Eichholz , Eric Campbell , Nate Foster , Guido Salvaneschi , Mira Mezini

Safety cases, structured arguments that a system is acceptably safe, are becoming central to the governance of AI systems. Yet, traditional safety-case practices from aviation or nuclear engineering rely on well-specified system boundaries,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Sung Une Lee , Liming Zhu , Md Shamsujjoha , Liming Dong , Qinghua Lu , Jieshan Chen , Lionel Briand