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The integration of security and energy efficiency in Internet of Things systems remains a critical challenge, particularly for battery-free and resource-constrained devices. This paper explores the scalability and protocol-agnostic nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Taki Eddine Djidjekh , Gaël Loubet , Alexandru Takacs

In an era driven by the Internet of Things (IoT) and rapid wireless communication advances, the synergy between sensing and backscatter communication (BackCom) has emerged as a frontier of research. This paper delves deep into the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Shayan Zargari , Diluka Galappaththige , Chintha Tellambura

WiFi sensing has emerged as a compelling contactless modality for human activity monitoring by capturing fine-grained variations in Channel State Information (CSI). Its ability to operate continuously and non-intrusively while preserving…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-21 Guozhen Zhu , Yuqian Hu , Weihang Gao , Wei-Hsiang Wang , Beibei Wang , K. J. Ray Liu

Wi-Fi sensing detects human motions and activities by analysing the channel state information (CSI) derived from Wi-Fi transmissions. However, the impact of variable transmission traffic, which dictates the effective sampling rate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guolin Yin , Junqing Zhang , Guanxiong Shen , Simon L. Cotton

Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) enables device-free human activity recognition, but existing multi-user approaches assume a fixed set of known users during both training and inference. This closed-set assumption limits deployment, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kemal Bayik , Olayinka Ajayi , Daniel Roggen , Philip Birch

A Wi-Fi-enabled device, or simply Wi-Fi device, sporadically broadcasts probe request frames (PRFs) to discover nearby access points (APs), whether connected to an AP or not. To protect user privacy, unconnected devices often randomize…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tianlang He , Zhangyu Chang , S. -H. Gary Chan

We present the first wireless protocol that scales to hundreds of concurrent transmissions from backscatter devices. Our key innovation is a distributed coding mechanism that works below the noise floor, operates on backscatter devices and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Mehrdad Hessar , Ali Najafi , Shyamnath Gollakota

Today's societies are enveloped in an ever-growing telecommunication infrastructure. This infrastructure offers important opportunities for sensing and recording a multitude of human behaviors. Human mobility patterns are a prominent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Piotr Sapiezynski , Arkadiusz Stopczynski , David Kofoed Wind , Jure Leskovec , Sune Lehmann

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) is an emerging device authentication technique, which exploits the hardware characteristics of the RF front-end as device identifiers. RFFI is implemented in the wireless receiver and acts…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Guanxiong Shen , Junqing Zhang , Alan Marshall , Roger Woods , Joseph Cavallaro , Liquan Chen

Recent research has highlighted the detection of human respiration rate using commodity WiFi devices. Nevertheless, these devices encounter challenges in accurately discerning human respiration amidst the prevailing human motion…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-08 Kehan Wu , Renqi Chen , Haiyu Wang , Chenqing Ji , Jiayuan Zhu , Guang Wu

This paper presents MultiTrack, a commodity WiFi-based human sensing system that can track multiple users and recognize the activities of multiple users performing them simultaneously. Such a system can enable easy and large-scale…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sheng Tan , Jie Yang

We present DeepCSI, a novel approach to Wi-Fi radio fingerprinting (RFP) which leverages standard-compliant beamforming feedback matrices to authenticate MU-MIMO Wi-Fi devices on the move. By capturing unique imperfections in off-the-shelf…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Francesca Meneghello , Michele Rossi , Francesco Restuccia

This paper presents a control interface to translate the residual body motions of individuals living with severe disabilities, into control commands for body-machine interaction. A custom, wireless, wearable multi-sensor network is used to…

In this work, we investigate the use of backscattered mm-wave radio signals for the joint tracking and recognition of identities of humans as they move within indoor environments. We build a system that effectively works with multiple…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-19 Jacopo Pegoraro , Francesca Meneghello , Michele Rossi

Gesture recognition has become increasingly important in human-computer interaction and can support different applications such as smart home, VR, and gaming. Traditional approaches usually rely on dedicated sensors that are worn by the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sheng Tan , Jie Yang

The paper targets the problem of human motion detection using Wireless Local Area Network devices (WiFi) equipped with pattern reconfigurable antennas. Motion sensing is obtained by monitoring the body-induced alterations of the ambient…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Marco Santoboni , Riccardo Bersan , Stefano Savazzi , Alberto Zecchin , Vittorio Rampa Daniele Piazza

In recent years, Wi-Fi sensing has garnered significant attention due to its numerous benefits, such as privacy protection, low cost, and penetration ability. Extensive research has been conducted in this field, focusing on areas such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zijian Zhao , Tingwei Chen , Zhijie Cai , Xiaoyang Li , Hang Li , Qimei Chen , Guangxu Zhu

In recent years, WiFi sensing has been recognized as a promising technology to bring respiratory monitoring into everyday homes, thanks to its contactless nature and ubiquitous availability. However, existing WiFi-based respiratory…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Hefei Wang , Jianwei Liu , Yinghui He , Guanding Yu , Jinsong Han

Human sensing, which employs various sensors and advanced deep learning technologies to accurately capture and interpret human body information, has significantly impacted fields like public security and robotics. However, current human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinyan Chen , Jianfei Yang

Gesture awareness plays a crucial role in promoting human-computer interface. Previous works either depend on customized hardware or need a priori learning of wireless signal patterns, facing downsides in terms of the privacy concern,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-16 Zijun Han , Zhaoming Lu , Xiangming Wen , Wei Zheng , Jingbo Zhao , Lingchao Guo