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Arising from admissible extended scale-critical short-pulse initial data, we show that 3+1 dimensional Einstein vacuum equations admit dynamical Kerr black hole formation solutions. Our hyperbolic arguments combine the scale-critical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-19 Xinliang An , Taoran He

Formulation of the Penrose inequality becomes ambiguous when the past and future apparent horizons do cross. We test numerically several natural possibilities of stating the inequality in punctured and boosted single- and double- black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Janusz Karkowski , Edward Malec

The recent holographic deduction of Penrose inequality only assumes null energy condition while the weak or dominant energy condition is required in usual geometric proof. This paper makes a step toward filling up gap between these two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-01 Zi-Qing Xiao , Run-Qiu Yang

We establish a lower bound on the total mass of the time slices of (n + 1)-dimensional asymptotically flat standard static spacetimes under the timelike convergence condition. The inequality can be viewed equivalently as a Minkowski-type…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-11 Brian Harvie

Motivated by the fluid/gravity correspondence, we consider the Penrose inequality in the framework of fluid dynamics. In general relativity, the Penrose inequality relates the mass and the entropy associated with a gravitational background.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-03-18 Yaron Oz , Michael Rabinovich

A universal geometric inequality for bodies relating energy, size, angular momentum, and charge is naturally implied by Bekenstein's entropy bounds. We establish versions of this inequality for axisymmetric bodies satisfying appropriate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-20 Jaroslaw S. Jaracz , Marcus A. Khuri

The Penrose inequality gives a lower bound for the total mass of a spacetime in terms of the area of suitable surfaces that represent black holes. Its validity is supported by the cosmic censorship conjecture and therefore its proof (or…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-02 Marc Mars

We establish a class of area-angular momentum-charge inequalities satisfied by stable marginally outer trapped surfaces in 5-dimensional minimal supergravity which admit a $U(1)^2$ symmetry. A novel feature is the fact that such surfaces…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-27 Aghil Alaee , Marcus Khuri , Hari Kunduri

We establish the charged Penrose inequality for time symmetric initial data sets having an outermost minimal surface boundary and finitely many asymptotically cylindrical ends, with an appropriate rigidity statement. This is accomplished by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-14 Jaroslaw Jaracz

The Riemannian Penrose inequality (RPI) bounds from below the ADM mass of asymptotically flat manifolds of nonnegative scalar curvature in terms of the total area of all outermost compact minimal surfaces. The general form of the RPI is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Jeffrey L. Jauregui

The classical Penrose inequality specifies a lower bound on the total mass in terms of the area of certain trapped surfaces. This fails at the semiclassical level. We conjecture a Quantum Penrose Inequality: the mass at spatial infinity is…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-12-18 Raphael Bousso , Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam , Marija Tomasevic

We formulate and prove the stability statement associated with the spacetime Penrose inequality for $n$-dimensional spherically symmetric, asymptotically flat initial data satisfying the dominant energy condition. We assume that the ADM…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-29 Emily Schaal

We establish versions of the Positive Mass and Penrose inequalities for a class of asymptotically hyperbolic hypersurfaces. In particular, under the usual dominant energy condition, we prove in all dimensions $n\geq 3$ an optimal Penrose…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2012-01-25 Levi Lopes de Lima , Frederico Girão

Consider an asymptotically Euclidean initial data set with a smooth marginally trapped surface (possibly a union of future and past multi-connected components) as inner boundary. By a further development of the spinorial framework…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-02 Yun-Kau Lau

Motivated by the rigidity case in the localized Riemannian Penrose inequality, we show that suitable singular metrics attaining the optimal value in the Riemannian Penrose inequality is necessarily smooth in properly specified coordinates.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-10-19 Siyuan Lu , Pengzi Miao

In this paper we characterize the intrinsic geometry of apparent horizons (outermost marginally outer trapped surfaces) in asymptotically flat spacetimes; that is, the Riemannian metrics on the two sphere which can arise. Furthermore we…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-10-07 Christos Mantoulidis , Richard Schoen

Based on the $\mu$-bubble method we are able to prove the following version of Riemannian Penrose inequality without horizon: if $g$ is a complete metric on $\mathbb R^3\setminus\{O\}$ with nonnegative scalar curvature, which is…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-04-05 Jintian Zhu

We prove the existence of asymptotically hyperbolic solutions to the vacuum Einstein constraint equations with a marginally outer trapped boundary of positive mean curvature, using the constant mean curvature conformal method. As an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-16 Marcus Khuri , Jarosław Kopiński

We consider complete asymptotically flat Riemannian manifolds that are the graphs of smooth functions over $\mathbb R^n$. By recognizing the scalar curvature of such manifolds as a divergence, we express the ADM mass as an integral of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-10-21 Mau-Kwong George Lam

The purpose of this letter is to point out an argument which may ultimately lead to a rigorous proof of the Penrose inequality in the general case. The argument is a variation of Geroch's original proposal for a proof of the positive energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 J Frauendiener