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Riemannian Penrose inequality without horizon in dimension three

Differential Geometry 2023-04-05 v1

Abstract

Based on the μ\mu-bubble method we are able to prove the following version of Riemannian Penrose inequality without horizon: if gg is a complete metric on R3{O}\mathbb R^3\setminus\{O\} with nonnegative scalar curvature, which is asymptotically flat around the infinity of R3\mathbb R^3, then the ADM mass mm at the infinity of R3\mathbb R^3 satisfies mAg16πm\geq \sqrt{\frac{A_g}{16\pi}}, where AgA_g is denoted to be the area infimum of embedded closed surfaces homologous to S2(1)\mathbb S^2(1) in R3{O}\mathbb R^3\setminus\{O\}. Moreover, the equality holds if and only if there is a strictly outer-minimizing minimal 22-sphere such that the region outside is isometric to the half Schwarzschild manifold with mass Ag16π\sqrt{\frac{A_g}{16\pi}}.

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Cite

@article{arxiv.2304.01769,
  title  = {Riemannian Penrose inequality without horizon in dimension three},
  author = {Jintian Zhu},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.01769},
  year   = {2023}
}

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16 pages