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Following the usual definition of $\lambda$-symmetries of differential equations, we introduce the analogous concept for difference equations and apply it to some examples.

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 D. Levi , M. A. Rodriguez

Integrable discrete scalar equations defined on a~two or a three dimensional lattice can be rewritten as difference systems in bond variables or in face variables respectively. Both the difference systems in bond variables and the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2018-09-26 Pavlos Kassotakis , Maciej Nieszporski

In this note we present three representations of a 248-dimensional Lie algebra, namely the algebra of Lie point symmetries admitted by a system of five trivial ordinary differential equations each of order forty-four, that admitted by a…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 M. C. Nucci , P. G. L. Leach

In this paper, we investigate the existence of fixed-point-free automorphisms for finite-dimensional Lie algebras. By a result of Jacobson, a Lie algebra admitting a fixed-point-free automorphism is solvable. We prove that such a Lie…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Dietrich Burde , Karel Dekimpe

In this paper we introduce the notion of coalgebra symmetry for discrete systems. With this concept we prove that all discrete radially symmetric systems in standard form are quasi-integrable and that all variational discrete quasi-radially…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-05-08 G. Gubbiotti , D. Latini , B. K. Tapley

In this paper we consider the classification of dispersive linearizable partial difference equations defined on a quad-graph by the multiple scale reduction around their harmonic solution. We show that the A_1, A_2 and A_3 linearizability…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-05-20 R. Hernandez Heredero , D. Levi , C. Scimiterna

We revisit the results on admissible transformations between normal linear systems of second-order ordinary differential equations with an arbitrary number of dependent variables under several appropriate gauges of the arbitrary elements…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-09-19 Vyacheslav M. Boyko , Oleksandra V. Lokaziuk , Roman O. Popovych

We discuss aspects of the theory of non-invertible transformations which enter in the problem of classification of diffe\-ren\-tial-difference equations and, in particular, the notion of Miura type transformation. We introduce the concept…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2016-09-21 R. N. Garifullin , R. I. Yamilov , D. Levi

We present a geometric description, based on the affine Weyl group E_{6}^{(1)}, of two discrete analogues of the Painlev\'e VI equation, known as the asymmetric q-P_{V} and asymmetric d-P_{IV}. This approach allows us to describe in a…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-26 B. Grammaticos , A. Ramani , Y. Ohta

Since the classification of discrete Painlev\'e equations in terms of rational surfaces, there has been much interest in the range of integrable equations arising from each of the 22 surface types in Sakai's list. For all but the most…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2018-12-05 Alexander Stokes

A method is presented for finding the Lie point symmetry transformations acting simultaneously on difference equations and lattices, while leaving the solution set of the corresponding difference scheme invariant. The method is applied to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-07-10 Decio Levi , Sébastien Tremblay , Pavel Winternitz

The geometrical theory of partial differential equations in the absolute sense, without any additional structures, is developed. In particular the symmetries need not preserve the hierarchy of independent and dependent variables. The order…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-05 Veronika Chrastinová \and Václav Tryhuk

The aim of this monograph is twofold: to explain various nonautonomous integrable systems (discrete Painlev\'e all the way up to the elliptic level, as well as generalizations \`a la Garnier) using an interpretation of difference and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Eric M. Rains

In this paper, we develop discrete versions of Darboux transformations and Crum's theorems for two second order difference equations. The difference equations are discretised versions (using Darboux transformations) of the spectral problems…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2018-03-13 Cheng Zhang , Linyu Peng , Da-jun Zhang

This article is devoted to the partial difference quad-graph equations that can be represented in the form $\varphi (u(i+1,j),u(i+1,j+1))=\psi (u(i,j),u(i,j+1))$, where the map $(w,z) \rightarrow (\varphi(w,z),\psi(w,z))$ is injective. The…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2014-06-18 Sergey Ya. Startsev

We establish an intriguing correspondence between a special set of classical solutions of the modified sinh-Gordon equation (i.e., Hitchin's "self-duality" equations) on a punctured Riemann sphere and a set of stationary states in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Vladimir V. Bazhanov , Sergei L. Lukyanov

The symmetry algebra of the differential--difference equation $$\dot u_n = [P(u_n)u_{n+1}u_{n-1} + Q(u_n)(u_{n+1}+u_{n-1})+ R(u_n)]/(u_{n+1}-u_{n-1}),$$ where $P$, $Q$ and $R$ are arbitrary analytic functions is shown to have the dimension…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-18 Decio Levi , Eugenio Ricca , Zora Thomova , Pavel Winternitz

In this paper we introduce a non autonomous generalization of the $\QV$ equation introduced by Viallet. All the equations of Boll's classification appear in it for special choices of the parameters. Using the algebraic entropy test we infer…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-12-02 Giorgio Gubbiotti , Christian Scimiterna , Decio Levi

We present two lists of multi-component systems of integrable difference equations defined on the edges of a $\mathbb{Z}^2$ graph. The integrability of these systems is manifested by their Lax formulation which is a consequence of the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2019-08-08 Pavlos Kassotakis , Maciej Nieszporski , Vassilios Papageorgiou , Anastasios Tongas

In the article differential-difference (semi-discrete) lattices of hyperbolic type are investigated from the integrability viewpoint. More precisely we concentrate on a method for constructing generalized symmetries. This kind integrable…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2021-05-26 Rustem N. Garifullin , Ismagil T. Habibullin