Related papers: How the Saha Ionization Equation Was Discovered
The Saha equation follows from thermal equilibrium of matter and radiation. We discuss this problem of equilibrium in the early universe, when matter consists mostly of electrons, protons and hydrogen atoms. Taking H-atoms in their ground…
It is perhaps appropriate that, in a year marking the 90th anniversary of Meghnad Saha seminal paper (1920), new developments should call fresh attention to the problem of ionization equilibrium in gases. Ionization equilibrium is…
Meghnad Saha occupies a special role in the history of Indian science, having been a pioneer in its organization already from the oppressive colonial period and having left important legacies to post-colonial India like the Saha Institute…
The Saha equation provides the relation between two consecutive ionization state populations, like the Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution of the atoms in a gas ensemble. Saha equation can also consider the partitions functions for both…
The Saha equation describes the relative number density of consecutive ionization levels of a given atomic species under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium in an ionized gas. Because the number density in the denominator may be very…
Tsallis' thermostatistical has received increasing attention due to its success in describing phenomena that manifest unusual thermodynamic properties. In this context, the generalized Saha equation must follow a condition of generalized…
The Saha equations for photo-ionization process of hydrogen atoms and the creation of electron-positron pairs at high temperature are investigated in a reference frame undergoing a uniform accelerated motion in an otherwise flat Minkowski…
The aim of this paper is to study a system of three equations for ionized gas dynamics at high temperature, in one spatial dimension. In addition to the mass density, pressure and particle velocity, a further quantity is needed, namely, the…
We have studied Saha equation for photo-ionization of hydrogen atoms in partially ionized relativistic hydrogen plasma in Rindler space. Following the principle of equivalence, we have obtained the abundances of neutral hydrogen atoms,…
Three extraordinary physics discoveries were made from colonial India, which did not have any previous tradition of research in modern physics: Saha ionization equation (1920), Bose statistics (1924), Raman effect (1928). All the three…
Three extraordinary physics discoveries were made from colonial India, which did not have any previous tradition of research in modern physics: Saha ionization equation (1920), Bose statistics (1924), Raman effect (1928). All the three…
This brief historical review highlights the early work of Hayashi and his associates on the thermal physics of star-forming clouds, as summarized in the temperature-density diagrams first presented by this group. Some of the more recent…
The formation and decay of metastable bound states can significantly decrease the thermal-relic dark matter density, particularly for dark matter masses around and above the TeV scale. Incorporating bound-state effects in the dark matter…
It is widely known that the Saha equation is not suitable for describing plasmas out of thermodynamic equilibrium. The primordial hydrogen recombination plasma is an example of this. In this work, we propose a theoretical modification to…
We study partially ionized hydrogen plasma at temperatures T = 10^{5.5}-10^{6.5} K and magnetic fields B = 10^{12}-10^{13} G, typical of photospheres of isolated neutron stars. We construct an analytic model of the plasma free energy and…
The thermodynamic limit in statistical thermodynamics of many-particle systems is an important but often overlooked issue in the various applied studies of condensed matter physics. To settle this issue, we review tersely the past and…
The aim of this paper is to study a one dimensional model system of equations for ionized gas dynamics at high temperature where the gas is a mixture of two kinds of monatomic gas. In addition to the mass density, pressure, temperature and…
The discovery of cosmic rays, a milestone in science, was based on the work by scientists in Europe and the New World and took place during a period characterised by nationalism and lack of communication. Many scientists that took part in…
We argue that the celebrated Stefan condition on the moving interphase, accepted in mathematical physics up to now, can not be imposed if energy sources are spatially distributed in the volume. A method based on Tikhonov and Samarskii's…
We consider the hydrogen quantum plasma in the Saha regime, where it almost reduces to a partially ionized atomic gas. We briefly review the construction of systematic expansions of thermodynamical functions beyond Saha theory, which…