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We discuss the technique of Wide-field imaging as it applies to Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). In the past VLBI data sets were usually averaged so severely that the field-of-view was typically restricted to regions extending a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. A. Garrett , R. W. Porcas , A. Pedlar , T. W. B. Muxlow , S. T. Garrington

Image reconstruction in very-long baseline interferometry operates under severely sparse aperture coverage with calibration challenges from both the participating instruments and propagation medium, which introduce the risk of biases and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-14 Samuel Lai , Nithyanandan Thyagarajan , O. Ivy Wong , Foivos Diakogiannis

Context: Phase referencing is a standard calibration technique in radio interferometry, particularly suited for the detection of weak sources close to the sensitivity limits of the interferometers. However, effects from a changing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 I. Marti-Vidal , E. Ros , M. A. Perez Torres , J. C. Guirado , S. Jimenez-Monferrer , J. M. Marcaide

The Blandford and K\"{o}nigl model of AGN jets predicts that the position of the apparent opaque jet base - the core - changes with frequency. This effect is observed with radio interferometry and is widely used to infer parameters and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-10 I. N. Pashchenko , A. V. Plavin , A. M. Kutkin , Y. Y. Kovalev

The ionospheric path delay impacts single-band very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) group delays, which limits their applicability for absolute astrometry. I consider two important cases: when observations are made simultaneously at two…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-12 Leonid Petrov

In this paper we introduce a software package, the Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network SIMulator (VNSIM), which provides an integrated platform assisting radio astronomers to design the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-11 Zhen Zhao , Tao An , Baoqiang Lao

For Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), the fringe spacing is extremely narrow compared to the field of view imposed by the primary beam of each element. This means that an extremely large number of resolution units can potentially be…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-26 John S. Morgan , F. Mantovani , A. T. Deller , W. Brisken , W. Alef , E. Middelberg , M. Nanni , S. J. Tingay

Extracting polarimetric information from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) data is demanding but vital for understanding the synchrotron radiation process and the magnetic fields of celestial objects, such as active galactic nuclei…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-21 Jong-Seo Kim , Jakob Roth , Jongho Park , Jack D. Livingston , Philipp Arras , Torsten A. Enßlin , Michael Janssen , J. Anton Zensus , Andrei P. Lobanov

We present a new method of time-dependent instrumental polarization calibration for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). This method has been implemented in the recently developed polarization calibration pipeline GPCAL. Instrumental…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-06 Jongho Park , Keiichi Asada , Do-Young Byun

Geostatistical modeling of the reservoir intrinsic properties starts only with sparse data available. These estimates will depend largely on the number of wells and their location. The drilling costs are so high that they do not allow new…

Applications · Statistics 2017-02-16 Júlio Caineta

Obtaining accurate estimates of machine learning model uncertainties on newly predicted data is essential for understanding the accuracy of the model and whether its predictions can be trusted. A common approach to such uncertainty…

Deep space navigation presents significant challenges due to the unavailability of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals and severe signal attenuation over interplanetary distances. Traditional terrestrial systems, such as NASA…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Moshe Golani , Yoram Rozen , Hector Rotstein

This work aims to explore the possibilities of determining the long-period part of the precession-nutation of the Earth with techniques other than very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). Lunar laser ranging (LLR) is chosen for its…

Geophysics · Physics 2019-07-03 Yu-Ting Cheng , Jia-Cheng Liu , Zi Zhu

Physical parameters of AGN jets observed with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) are usually inferred from the core shift measurements or flux and size measured at a peak frequency of the synchrotron spectrum. Both are preceded by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-05 Ilya N. Pashchenko , Alexander V. Plavin

Very Long Baseline Interferometry is capable of measuring the gravitational delay caused by the Sun and planet gravitational fields. The post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$ is now estimated with accuracy of $\sigma_{\gamma}=2\cdot 10^{-4}$…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-04 Anastassia Girdiuk , Oleg Titov

In this series of papers, we present new methods of frequency- and time-dependent instrumental polarization calibration for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). In most existing calibration tools and pipelines, it has been assumed that…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-06 Jongho Park , Keiichi Asada , Do-Young Byun

Although there is an extensive literature on the eigenvalues of high-dimensional sample covariance matrices, much of it is specialized to independent components (IC) models -- in which observations are represented as linear transformations…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-05 Siyao Wang , Miles E. Lopes

Planetary ephemerides have been developed and improved over centuries. They are a fundamental tool for understanding solar system dynamics, and essential for planetary and small body mass determinations, occultation predictions,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Dayton L. Jones , William M. Folkner , Robert A. Jacobson , Christopher S. Jacobs , Vivek Dhawan , Jon Romney , Ed Fomalont

Cross-validation is a widely used technique for evaluating the performance of prediction models, ranging from simple binary classification to complex precision medicine strategies. It helps correct for optimism bias in error estimates,…

We present here a new method using interferometric measurements of quasars, that allows the determination of direct geometrical distances on cosmic scales. Quasar Broad Emission Line Regions sizes provide a "meter rule" with which to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Margarita Karovska , Martin Elvis , Massimo Marengo