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The induced Ramsey number $R_{\mathrm{ind}}(H; r)$ of a graph $H$ is the minimum number $N$ such that there exists a graph with $N$ vertices for which all $r$-colourings of its edges contain a monochromatic induced copy of $H$. Our main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Lucas Aragão , Marcelo Campos , Gabriel Dahia , Rafael Filipe , João Pedro Marciano

For graphs $G_1, G_2, G_3$, the three-color Ramsey number $R(G_1,$ $G_2, G_3)$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with 3 colors, then it contains a monochromatic copy…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Janusz Dybizbański , Tomasz Dzido , Stanisław Radziszowski

Given a positive integer $s$, the $s$-colour size-Ramsey number of a graph $H$ is the smallest integer $m$ such that there exists a graph $G$ with $m$ edges with the property that, in any colouring of $E(G)$ with $s$ colours, there is a…

Given a pair of graphs $G$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ is the smallest $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains a red copy of $G$ or a blue copy of $H$. If graph $G$ is connected, it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-28 Alexey Pokrovskiy , Benny Sudakov

The online ordered Ramsey game is played between two players, Builder and Painter, on an infinite sequence of vertices with ordered graphs $(G_1,G_2)$, which have linear orderings on their vertices. On each turn, Builder first selects an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Emily Heath , Dylan King , Grace McCourt , Hannah Sheats , Justin Wisby

The Ramsey number $r_k(s,n)$ is the minimum $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the $k$-subsets of $\{1, \ldots, N\}$ contains a red set of size $s$ or a blue set of size $n$, where a set is red (blue) if all of its $k$-subsets are red…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-01 Dhruv Mubayi , Andrew Suk

A graph has the unique path property UPP_n if there is a unique path of length n between any ordered pair of nodes. This paper reiterates Royle and MacKay's technique for constructing orderly algorithms. We wish to use this technique to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tim Boykett

Answering a question raised by Dudek and Pra\l{}at, we show that if $pn\rightarrow \infty$, w.h.p.,~whenever $G=G(n,p)$ is $2$-coloured, there exists a monochromatic path of length $n(2/3+o(1))$. This result is optimal in the sense that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Shoham Letzter

A path in an edge-colored graph is called a proper path if no two adjacent edges of the path are colored the same. For a connected graph $G$, the proper connection number $pc(G)$ of $G$ is defined as the minimum number of colors needed to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-24 Ran Gu , Xueliang Li , Zhongmei Qin

Given two graph families $\mathcal H_1$ and $\mathcal H_2$, a size Ramsey game is played on the edge set of $K_\mathbb{N}$. In every round, Builder selects an edge and Painter colours it red or blue. Builder is trying to force Painter to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Grzegorz Adamski , Małgorzata Bednarska-Bzdęga

In this paper, we investigate three extensions of Ramsey numbers to other combinatorial settings. We first consider ordered Ramsey numbers. Here, we ask for a monochromatic copy of a linearly ordered graph $G$ in every $2$-edge-coloring of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Daniel Brosch , Bernard Lidický , Sydney Miyasaki , Diane Puges

The following relaxation of the classical problem of determining Ramsey number of a fixed graph has first been proposed by Erdos, Hajnal and Rado over 50 years ago. Given a graph $G$ and an integer $t \geq 2$ determine the minimum number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-29 Matija Bucić , Amir Khamseh

The size Ramsey number of a graph $H$ is defined as the minimum number of edges in a graph $G$ such that there is a monochromatic copy of $H$ in every two-coloring of $E(G)$. The size Ramsey number was introduced by Erd\H{o}s, Faudree,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-09 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Yuval Wigderson

The size-Ramsey number $\hat{r}(H)$ of a graph $H$ is the smallest number of edges a (host) graph $G$ can have, such that for any red/blue colouring of $G$, there is a monochromatic copy of $H$ in $G$. Recently, Conlon, Nenadov and Truji\'c…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-22 Nemanja Draganić , Kalina Petrova

The grid Ramsey number $ G(r) $ is the smallest number $ n $ such that every edge-colouring of the grid graph $\Gamma_{n,n} := K_n \times K_n$ with $r$ colours induces a rectangle whose parallel edges receive the same colour. We show $ G(r)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-28 Jan Corsten

The $s$-colour size-Ramsey number of a hypergraph $H$ is the minimum number of edges in a hypergraph $G$ whose every $s$-edge-colouring contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. We show that the $s$-colour size-Ramsey number of the $t$-power of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-19 Shoham Letzter , Alexey Pokrovskiy , Liana Yepremyan

Let $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and let $H_1, H_2, \ldots, H_k$ be simple graphs such that for each $j \in \{ 1, 2, \ldots, k \}$, the vertex set of $H_j$ is $\{ 0, 1, 2, \ldots, n_j - 1 \}$ for some $n_j \in \mathbb{N}$. The ordered Ramsey number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Nino Bašić , Ivan Damnjanović , Dragan Stevanović , Ivan Stošić

The \textit{set-coloring Ramsey number} $\mathrm{R}_{r, s}(G_1,G_2,...,G_r)$ is the least $n \in \mathbb{N}$ such that every coloring $\chi: E\left(K_n\right) \rightarrow\binom{[r]}{s}$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G_i$, that is, a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Mengya He , Yaping Mao

One of the classical topics in graph Ramsey theory is the study of which $n$-vertex graphs have Ramsey numbers that are linear in $n$. In this paper, we consider this problem in the context of directed graphs. The oriented Ramsey number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Domagoj Bradač , Patryk Morawski , Benny Sudakov , Yuval Wigderson

A weighted coloured-edge graph is a graph for which each edge is assigned both a positive weight and a discrete colour, and can be used to model transportation and computer networks in which there are multiple transportation modes. In such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-15 Andrew Ensor , Felipe Lillo