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We call the minimum order of any complete graph so that for any coloring of the edges by $k$ colors it is impossible to avoid a monochromatic or rainbow triangle, a Mixed Ramsey number. For any graph $H$ with edges colored from the above…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-18 Marcus Bartlett , Elliot Krop , Thuhong Nguyen , Michael Ngo , Petra President

The Ramsey number $r_k(s,n)$ is the minimum $N$ such that every red-blue coloring of the $k$-subsets of $\{1, \ldots, N\}$ contains a red set of size $s$ or a blue set of size $n$, where a set is red (blue) if all of its $k$-subsets are red…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-01 Dhruv Mubayi , Andrew Suk

A Gallai coloring of a complete graph is an edge-coloring such that no triangle has all its edges colored differently. A Gallai $k$-coloring is a Gallai coloring that uses $k$ colors. Given a graph $H$ and an integer $k\geq 1$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Zi-Xia Song , Bing Wei , Fangfang Zhang , Qinghong Zhao

For graphs G and H, let the induced Ramsey number IR(H,G) be the smallest number of vertices in a graph F such that any coloring of the edges of F in red and blue, there is either a red induced copy of H or a blue induced copy of G. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Maria Axenovich , Izolda Gorgol

In this note we study graphs $G_r$ with the property that every colouring of $E(G_r)$ with $r+1$ colours admits a copy of some graph $H$ using at most $r$ colours. For $1\le r\le e(H)$ such graphs occur naturally at intermediate steps in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-20 Alexander Haupt , Damian Reding

The square $G^2$ of a graph $G$ is the graph on $V(G)$ with a pair of vertices $uv$ an edge whenever $u$ and $v$ have distance $1$ or $2$ in $G$. Given graphs $G$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ is the minimum $N$ such that whenever the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Peter Allen , Domenico Mergoni Cecchelli , Barnaby Roberts , Jozef Skokan

We say that a graph $G$ is anti-Ramsey for a graph $H$ if any proper edge-colouring of $G$ yields a rainbow copy of $H$, i.e. a copy of $H$ whose edges all receive different colours. In this work we determine the threshold at which the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Eden Kuperwasser

The size Ramsey number of a graph $H$ is defined as the minimum number of edges in a graph $G$ such that there is a monochromatic copy of $H$ in every two-coloring of $E(G)$. The size Ramsey number was introduced by Erd\H{o}s, Faudree,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-09 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Yuval Wigderson

Given a graph $H$, the size Ramsey number $r_e(H,q)$ is the minimal number $m$ for which there is a graph $G$ with $m$ edges such that every $q$-coloring of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. We study the size Ramsey number of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-05-31 Ido Ben-Eliezer , Michael Krivelevich , Benny Sudakov

For two graphs $G,H$ and a positive integer $k$, the \emph{Gallai-Ramsey number} $\operatorname{gr}_k(G,H)$ is defined as the minimum number of vertices $n$ such that any $k$-edge-coloring of $K_n$ contains either a rainbow (all different…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Zhao Wang , Yaping Mao , Ran Gu , Suping Cui , Hengzhe Li

Given graphs $G$ and $H$ and a positive integer $k$, the Gallai-Ramsey number $gr_{k}(G : H)$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that for any integer $n \geq N$, every $k$-edge-coloring of $K_{n}$ contains either a rainbow copy of $G$ or a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Jonathan Gregory , Colton Magnant , Zhuojun Magnant

The induced Ramsey number $R_{\mathrm{ind}}(H; r)$ of a graph $H$ is the minimum number $N$ such that there exists a graph with $N$ vertices for which all $r$-colourings of its edges contain a monochromatic induced copy of $H$. Our main…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Lucas Aragão , Marcelo Campos , Gabriel Dahia , Rafael Filipe , João Pedro Marciano

Let $G$ be a complete multi-partite graph of order $n$. In this paper, we consider the anti-Ramsey number $ar(G,\mathcal{T}_{q})$ with respect to $G$ and the set $\mathcal{T}_{q}$ of trees with $q$ edges, where $2\le q\le n-1$. For the case…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-29 Meiqiao Zhang , Fengming Dong

Given positive integers $k$ and $\ell$ we write $G \rightarrow (K_k,K_\ell)$ if every 2-colouring of the edges of $G$ yields a red copy of $K_k$ or a blue copy of $K_\ell$ and we denote by $R(k)$ the minimum $n$ such that $K_n\rightarrow…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Walner Mendonça , Meysam Miralaei , Guilherme O. Mota

We consider $m$-colorings of the edges of a complete graph, where each color class is defined semi-algebraically with bounded complexity. The case $m = 2$ was first studied by Alon et al., who applied this framework to obtain surprisingly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Jacob Fox , Janos Pach , Andrew Suk

For a graph $H$ and an integer $k\ge1$, the $k$-color Ramsey number $R_k(H)$ is the least integer $N$ such that every $k$-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_N$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$. Let $C_m$ denote the cycle on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-18 Fangfang Zhang , Zi-Xia Song , Yaojun Chen

Given two graphs $G$ and $H$, the Ramsey number $R(G,H)$ is the minimum integer $N$ such that any coloring of the edges of $K_N$ in red or blue yields a red $G$ or a blue $H$. Let $v(G)$ be the number of vertices of $G$ and $\chi(G)$ be the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Sinan Hu , Yuejian Peng

The odd-Ramsey number $r_{\text{odd}}(n,H)$ of a graph $H$ is the minimum number of colors needed to edge-color $K_n$ so that in every copy of $H$ some color occurs an odd number of times, and the unique-Ramsey number $r_{\text{u}}(n,H)$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Shagnik Das , Ying-Sian Wu

Given two graphs $G$ and $H$, the {Ramsey number} $R(G,H)$ is the smallest positive integer $N$ such that every 2-coloring of the edges of $K_{N}$ contains either a red $G$ or a blue $H$. Let $K_{N-1}\sqcup K_{1,k}$ be the graph obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Taiping Jiang , Xinmin Hou

A family $\mathcal{G}$ of sets is a weak copy of a poset $P$ if there is a bijection $f:P\rightarrow \mathcal{G}$ such that $p\leqslant q$ implies $f(p)\subseteq f(q)$. If $f$ satisfies $p\leqslant q$ if and only if $f(p)\subseteq f(q)$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-26 Balázs Patkós
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