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This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in spear phishing message generation and evaluates their performance compared to human-authored counterparts. Our pilot study examines the effectiveness of smishing (SMS phishing)…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jerson Francia , Derek Hansen , Ben Schooley , Matthew Taylor , Shydra Murray , Greg Snow

Crowdsourcing human-solving or online typing attacks are destructive problems. However, studies into these topics have been limited. In this paper, we focus on this kind of attacks whereby all the CAPTCHAs can be simply broken because of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jianyi Zhang , Xiali Hei , Zhiqiang Wang

The security of passwords is dependent on a thorough understanding of the strategies used by attackers. Unfortunately, real-world adversaries use pragmatic guessing tactics like dictionary attacks, which are difficult to simulate in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Fangyi Yu

Besides cryptographic secrets, side-channel attacks also leak sensitive user input. The most accurate attacks exploit cache timings or interrupt information to monitor keystroke timings and subsequently infer typed words and sentences.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Michael Schwarz , Moritz Lipp , Daniel Gruss , Samuel Weiser , Clémentine Maurice , Raphael Spreitzer , Stefan Mangard

The proliferation of AI-generated text has intensified the need for reliable authorship verification, yet current output-based methods are increasingly unreliable. We observe that the ordinary typing interface captures rich cognitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 David Condrey

Many damaging cybersecurity attacks are enabled when an attacker can access residual sensitive information (e.g. cryptographic keys, personal identifiers) left behind from earlier computation. Attackers can sometimes use residual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Deborah Shands , Carolyn Talcott

Identifying deceptive content like phishing emails demands sophisticated cognitive processes that combine pattern recognition, confidence assessment, and contextual analysis. This research examines how human cognition and machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Paras Jain , Khushi Dhar , Olyemi E. Amujo , Esa M. Rantanen

Influence estimation tools -- such as memorization scores -- are widely used to understand model behavior, attribute training data, and inform dataset curation. However, recent applications in data valuation and responsible machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tue Do , Varun Chandrasekaran , Daniel Alabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in a variety of important applications, yet their safety and reliability remain as major concerns. Various adversarial and jailbreak attacks have been proposed to bypass the safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Leon Zhou , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

Acoustic side-channel attacks on keyboards can bypass security measures in many systems that use keyboards as one of the input devices. These attacks aim to reveal users' sensitive information by targeting the sounds made by their keyboards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Alireza Taheritajar , Reza Rahaeimehr

Social engineering cyberattacks are a major threat because they often prelude sophisticated and devastating cyberattacks. Social engineering cyberattacks are a kind of psychological attack that exploits weaknesses in human cognitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Rosana Montanez Rodriguez , Edward Golob , Shouhuai Xu

A vishing attack is a form of social engineering where attackers use phone calls to deceive individuals into disclosing sensitive information, such as personal data, financial information, or security credentials. Attackers exploit the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 João Figueiredo , Afonso Carvalho , Daniel Castro , Daniel Gonçalves , Nuno Santos

Phishing attacks are prevalent and humans are central to this online identity theft attack, which aims to steal victims' sensitive and personal information such as username, password, and online banking details. There are many anti-phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Gitanjali Baral , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Website fingerprinting attacks, which use statistical analysis on network traffic to compromise user privacy, have been shown to be effective even if the traffic is sent over anonymity-preserving networks such as Tor. The classical attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Anatoly Shusterman , Lachlan Kang , Yarden Haskal , Yosef Meltser , Prateek Mittal , Yossi Oren , Yuval Yarom

Phishing is an online identity theft that aims to steal sensitive information such as username, password and online banking details from its victims. Phishing education needs to be considered as a means to combat this threat. This paper…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage

Reliable and secure human-machine communication is fundamental to IoT and cyber-physical ecosystems, where smartphones and wearables commonly serve as authentication controllers. PIN-based authentication can be viewed as a low-bandwidth…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Nilesh Chakraborty , Mohammad Zulkernine , Burak Kantarci

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

Adversarial attacks on stochastic bandits have traditionally relied on some unrealistic assumptions, such as per-round reward manipulation and unbounded perturbations, limiting their relevance to real-world systems. We propose a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Qirun Zeng , Eric He , Richard Hoffmann , Xuchuang Wang , Jinhang Zuo

Machine learning models are prone to memorizing sensitive data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to guess if an input sample was used to train the model. In this paper, we show that prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Liwei Song , Prateek Mittal

We consider a multi-armed bandit setting that is inspired by real-world applications in e-commerce. In our setting, there are a few types of users, each with a specific response to the different arms. When a user enters the system, his type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Loc Bui , Ramesh Johari , Shie Mannor