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Deep learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, is a data-driven method that uses multiple layers of interconnected units or neurons to learn intricate patterns and representations directly from raw input data. Empowered by this…

There is a rising interest in using artificial intelligence (AI)-powered safety analytics to predict accidents in the trucking industry. Companies may face the practical challenge, however, of not having enough data to develop good safety…

Machine learning plays an essential role in preventing financial losses in the banking industry. Perhaps the most pertinent prediction task that can result in billions of dollars in losses each year is the assessment of credit risk (i.e.,…

Considering the functionality of situational awareness in safety-critical automation systems, the perception of risk in driving scenes and its explainability is of particular importance for autonomous and cooperative driving. Toward this…

This study investigates the relationship between deep learning (DL) model accuracy and expert agreement in classifying crash narratives. We evaluate five DL models -- including BERT variants, USE, and a zero-shot classifier -- against…

Vehicle trajectory prediction is essential for enabling safety-critical intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications used in management and operations. While there have been some promising advances in the field, there is a need for…

Road network is a critical infrastructure powering many applications including transportation, mobility and logistics in real life. To leverage the input of a road network across these different applications, it is necessary to learn the…

Trajectory datasets of road users have become more important in the last years for safety validation of highly automated vehicles. Several naturalistic trajectory datasets with each more than 10.000 tracks were released and others will…

Trajectory data analysis is an essential component for highly automated driving. Complex models developed with these data predict other road users' movement and behavior patterns. Based on these predictions - and additional contextual…

Bearing faults in rotating machinery can lead to significant operational disruptions and maintenance costs. Modern methods for bearing fault diagnosis rely heavily on vibration analysis and machine learning techniques, which often require…

Railway axle maintenance is critical to avoid catastrophic failures. Nowadays, condition monitoring techniques are becoming more prominent in the industry to prevent enormous costs and damage to human lives. This paper proposes the…

The notion of causality assumes a paramount position within the realm of human cognition. Over the past few decades, there has been significant advancement in the domain of causal effect estimation across various disciplines, including but…

Deep neural networks are widely used for classification. These deep models often suffer from a lack of interpretability -- they are particularly difficult to understand because of their non-linear nature. As a result, neural networks are…

Safe reinforcement learning deals with mitigating or avoiding unsafe situations by reinforcement learning (RL) agents. Safe RL approaches are based on specific risk representations for particular problems or domains. In order to analyze…

Neural networks are increasingly deployed in real-world safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, aircraft collision avoidance, and malware detection. However, these networks have been shown to often mispredict on inputs with…

Classification of skull fracture is a challenging task for both radiologists and researchers. Skull fractures result in broken pieces of bone, which can cut into the brain and cause bleeding and other injury types. So it is vital to detect…

Our world is shaped by events of various complexity. This includes both small-scale local events like local farmer markets and large complex events like political and military conflicts. The latter are typically not observed directly but…

Background: Causal relations in natural language (NL) requirements convey strong, semantic information. Automatically extracting such causal information enables multiple use cases, such as test case generation, but it also requires to…

Gravitational mass flows, such as avalanches, debris flows and rockfalls are common events in alpine regions with high impact on transport routes. Within the last few decades, hazard zone maps have been developed to systematically approach…

Background: Modern large language models (LLMs) offer powerful reasoning that converts narratives into structured, taxonomy-aligned data, revealing patterns across planning, delivery, and verification. Embedded as agentic tools, LLMs can…